Some results of Young-type inequalities

Miscellaneous inequalities involving matrices (15A45) Norms of matrices, numerical range, applications of functional analysis to matrix theory (15A60) Norms (inequalities, more than one norm, etc.) of linear operators (47A30)

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Young-type inequalities are extensions of the classical Young inequality \[a^{v}b^{1-v}\leq va+(1-v)b,\quad 0\leq v\leq 1,\ a, b>0.\] \textit{F. Kittaneh} and \textit{Y. Manasrah} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 361, No. 1, 262--269 (2010; Zbl 1180.15021)] proved that \[ a^{v}+b^{1-v}+\min\{v, 1-v\}(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})^2 \leq va+(1-v)b, \quad a, b>0,\ 0\leq v\leq 1. \] \textit{J. Zhao} and \textit{J. Wu} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 421, No. 2, 1779--1789 (2015; Zbl 1298.15029)] gave further improvements of the above inequality and the reversed inequality in segment form. \textit{L. Zhu} [Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat., Ser. A Mat., RACSAM 113, No. 2, 909--915 (2019; Zbl 1423.26051); Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat., Ser. A Mat., RACSAM 114, No. 1, Paper No. 24, 11 p. (2020; Zbl 1434.26068)] presented new refinements of Young's inequality. In this paper, some improvements of Young-type inequality under some conditions are presented for the geometric mean \(a\sharp_\nu b:= a^{1-\nu}b^\nu\) and the arithmetic mean \(a\nabla_{\nu} b:= (1-\nu) a+\nu b\) of two positive numbers \(a, b\). Theorem. Let \(\nu, \tau\) and \(a, b\) be real positive numbers with \(0<\nu, \tau<1.\) Then \[\frac{a\nabla_{\nu} b-a\sharp_\nu b}{a\nabla_{\tau} b-a\sharp_\tau b}\leq \frac{\nu(1-\nu)}{\tau(1-\tau)},\quad \mbox{for} \ (b-a)(\nu-\tau)\geq 0,\] \[\frac{a\nabla_{\nu} b-a\sharp_\nu b}{a\nabla_{\tau} b-a\sharp_\tau b}\geq \frac{\nu(1-\nu)}{\tau(1-\tau)},\quad \mbox{for}\ (b-a)(\nu-\tau)\leq 0.\] The result provides improvements of Young-type inequalities of \textit{H. Alzer} et al. [Linear Multilinear Algebra 63, No. 3, 622--635 (2015; Zbl 1316.15023)]. Theorem. Let \(\nu, \tau\) and \(a, b\) be real positive numbers with \(0<\nu, \tau<1.\) Then \[\frac{(a\nabla_{\nu} b)^2-(a\sharp_\nu b)^2}{(a\nabla_{\tau} b)^2-(a\sharp_\tau b)^2}\leq \frac{\nu(1-\nu)}{\tau(1-\tau)},\quad \mbox{for}\ (b-a)(\nu-\tau)\geq 0,\] \[\frac{(a\nabla_{\nu} b)^2-(a\sharp_\nu b)^2}{(a\nabla_{\tau} b)^2-(a\sharp_\tau b)^2}\geq \frac{\nu(1-\nu)}{\tau(1-\tau)},\quad \mbox{for}\ (b-a)(\nu-\tau)\leq 0.\] The author also obtains some related results about operators and Hilbert-Schmidt norms and Kantorovich constant.

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