Topological properties of the space of convex minimal usco maps

Real-valued functions in general topology (54C30) Function spaces in general topology (54C35) Set-valued maps in general topology (54C60) Games involving topology, set theory, or logic (91A44)

Abstract: Let X be a Tychonoff space and MC(X) be the space of convex minimal usco maps with values in R, the space of real numbers. Such set-valued maps are important in the study of subdifferentials of convex functions. Using the strong Choquet game we prove complete metrizability of MC(X) with the upper Vietoris topology. If X is normal, elements of MC(X) can be approximated in the Vietoris topology by continuous functions. We also study first countability, second countability and other properties of the upper Vietoris topology on MC(X).

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In this paper, the authors study the space of convex minimal usco maps from a Tychonoff space to the space of real numbers. In the whole paper, the authors suppose that topological spaces are at least Hausdorff and non-empty. A set-valued map \(F\) is usc if it is upper semicontinuous at every \(x\in X\) and is usco (respectively, cusco) if it usc and for every \(x\in X\) the set \(F(x)\) is a non-empty compact set (respectively, a non-empty compact and convex set). Also, \(F\) is minimal usco (respectively, cusco) if it is usco (respectively, cusco) and whenever \(G\subseteq F\) is usco (respectively, cusco), then \(G=F\). Especially, the authors study the (upper) Vietoris topology, denoted by \(\tau^{+}_{V}\), and the Vietoris topology, denoted by \(\tau_{V}\), on the space of minimal cusco maps. The authors are interested in the spaces \(L(X):=L(X,\mathbb{R})\), \(MC(X):=MC(X,\mathbb{R})\) and \(L_0(X):=L_0(X,\mathbb{R})\), where \[L(X,\mathbb{R}):=\{F\subseteq X\times \mathbb{R}:F\text{ is cusco}\},\] \[L_0(X,\mathbb{R}):=\{F\subseteq X\times \mathbb{R}:F\text{ is cusco and for every isolated }x, \ F(x)\text{ is singleton}\}\] \[MC(X,\mathbb{R}):=\{F\subseteq X\times \mathbb{R}:F\text{ is minimal cusco}\},\] and \(\mathbb{R}\) is the space of real numbers with the usual topology. Firstly, they investigate the relationship of \(C(X)\) and \(MC(X)\), proving, among other results, that (1) if \(X\) is a normal space, then \(C(X)\) is dense in \((L_0(X),\tau^{+}_V)\), in \((L_0(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\) and in \((MC(X), \tau^{+}_V)\), (2) if \(X\) is a normal space, then \((L(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\), \((L_0(X), \tau^{+}_{V})\) and \((MC(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\) are Baire spaces, (3) if \(X\) is a normal space, then \(C(X)\) is dense in \((L_0(X),\tau_V)\) and in \((MC(X), \tau_V)\), (4) if \(X\) is a normal space, then \((L_0(X),\tau_{V})\) and \((MC(X),\tau_{V})\) are Baire spaces. Moreover, they study the countability and the completeness properties of cusco maps, proving, among other results, that (5) if \(X\) is a countably compact and perfectly normal space, then \((L_0(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\) and \((MC(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\) are first countable, (6) if \(X\) is a Tychonoff space and \(Z\) is any of the spaces \((MC(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\), \((L_0(X), \tau^{+}_{V})\), \((L(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\), \((MC(X),\tau_{V})\), \((L_0(X),\tau_{V})\) or \((L(X),\tau_{V})\), then the following are equivalent: (a) \(Z\) is second countable; (b) \(Z\) has a countable network; (c) \(Z\) is hereditarily Lindelöf; (d) \(Z\) has countable spread; (e) \(Z\) is compact and metrizable. (7) if \(X\) is a normal space and \(Z\) is any of the spaces \((MC(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\), \((L_0(X), \tau^{+}_{V})\), \((L(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\), \((MC(X),\tau_{V})\), \((L_0(X),\tau_{V})\) or \((L(X),\tau_{V})\), then the following are equivalent: (a) \(Z\) has a countable \(\pi\)-base; (b) \(Z\) is separable; (c) \(Z\) satisfies the countable chain condition; (d) \(X\) is compact and metrizable. (8) if \(X\) is a countably paracompact normal space, then \((MC(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\) is regular. Finally, based on the notions of Choquet, strong Choquet and Polish space, they prove that (9) if \(X\) is a countably paracompact normal space, then \((MC(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\) is strong Choquet, (10) if \(X\) is a Tychonoff space, then \((MC(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\) is Polish if and only if \(X\) is compact and metrizable (11) if \(X\) is a countably paracompact normal space, then \((L_0(X),\tau_V)\) and \((MC(X),\tau_{V})\) are Choquet, (12) if \(X\) is a countably compact perfectly normal space, then \((MC(X),\tau^{+}_{V})\) is weakly \(\pi\)-metrizable.

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