Explicit moduli spaces for congruences of elliptic curves

DOI10.1007/S00209-019-02392-9MaRDI QIDQ2193047zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Tom Fisher

Publication date 24 August 2020

Published in Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.10195

zbMATH Keywords

elliptic curves elliptic surfaces Galois representations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Galois representations (11F80) Elliptic curves over global fields (11G05) Elliptic surfaces, elliptic or Calabi-Yau fibrations (14J27)

Abstract: We determine explicit birational models over Q for the modular surfaces parametrising pairs of N-congruent elliptic curves in all cases where this surface is an elliptic surface. In each case we also determine the rank of the Mordell-Weil lattice and the geometric Picard number.

Review text

In the paper under review, the author determines explicit birational models over \({\mathbb Q}\) for the modular surfaces parametrizing pairs of \(N\)-congruent elliptic curves in all cases when this surface is an elliptic surface. In each case, the author also determines the rank of the Mordell-Weil lattice and the geometric Picard number. More precisely, for an integer \(N\geq 2\), two elliptic curves are said to be \(N\)-congruent if their \(N\)-torsion subgroups are isomorphic as Galois modules. Such an isomorphism raises the Weil pairing to the power \(\varepsilon\) for some \(\varepsilon\in ({\mathbb Z}/N{\mathbb Z})^\times\). In this case, one says that the \(N\)-congruence has power \(\varepsilon.\) Note that the author considers \(\varepsilon\) up to a square, since multiplication by \(m\) (with \(\gcd(m,N)=1\)) on one of the elliptic curves changes \(\varepsilon\) to \(m^2\varepsilon.\) Let \(Z(N,\varepsilon)\) be the surface parametrizing pairs of elliptic curves with power \(\varepsilon\), up to simultaneous quadratic twist. This surface is defined over \({\mathbb Q}\). Refining the previous classification of \textit{E. Kani} and \textit{W. Schanz} [Math. Z. 227, No. 2, 337--366 (1998; Zbl 0996.14012)] who explicitly determined the pairs \((N,\varepsilon)\) for which \(Z(N,\varepsilon)\) is birational over \({\mathbb C}\), the author shows that both the cases of an elliptic \(K3\)-surface and of an elliptic surface with Kodaira dimension one (a.k.a. a properly elliptic surface) are birational over \({\mathbb Q}\) to an elliptic surface. Furthermore, the author determines in each case a Weierstrass equation for the generic fibre as an elliptic curve over \({\mathbb Q}(T).\) Note that the author considers an elliptic surface to have a section. The explicit models are given as follows. The author noted that some of the cases were already treated in [\textit{Z. Chen}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 165, No. 1, 137--162 (2018; Zbl 1451.11049); \textit{T. Fisher}, Acta Arith. 171, No. 4, 371--387 (2015; Zbl 1341.11028); \textit{A. Kumar}, Res. Math. Sci. 2, Paper No. 24, 46 p. (2015; Zbl 1380.11049)]. Theorem 1.1. The surfaces \(Z(N,\varepsilon)\) that are birational over \({\mathbb C}\) to an elliptic \(K3\)-surface, are in fact birational over \({\mathbb Q}\) to an elliptic surface. The generic fibres are the elliptic curves over \({\mathbb Q}(T)\) with the following Weierstrass equations. \[ \begin{split} Z(6,5)&:\quad y^2+3T(T-2)xy+2(T-1)(T+2)^2(T^3-2)y=x^3-6(T-1)(T^3-2)x^2,\\ Z(7,3)&:\quad y^2=x^3+(4T^4+4T^3-51T^2-2T-50)x^2+(6T+25)(52T^2-4T+25)x,\\ Z(8,3)&:\quad y^2=x^3-(3T^2-7)x^2-4T^2(4T^4-15)x+4T^2(53T^4+81T^2+162),\\ Z(8,5)&:\quad y^2=x^3-2(T^2+19)x^2-(4T^2-49)(T^4-6T^2+25)x,\\ Z(9,1)&:\quad y^2+(6T^2+3T+2)xy+T^2(T+1)(4T^3+9T+9)y+ x^3-(16T^4+12T^3+9T^2+6T+1)x^2,\\ Z(12,1)&:\quad y^2+2(5T^2+9)xy+96(T^2+3)(T^2+1)^2y+x^3+(T^2+3)(11T^2+1)x^2. \end{split} \] Theorem 1.2. The surfaces \(Z(N,\varepsilon)\) that are birational over \({\mathbb C}\) to a properly elliptic surface, are in fact birational over \({\mathbb Q}\) to an elliptic surface. The generic fibres are the elliptic curves over \({\mathbb Q}(T)\) with the following Weierstrass equations. \[ \begin{split} Z(8,7)&:\quad y^2=x^3+2(4T^6-15T^4+14T^2-1)x^2+(T^2-1)^4(16T^4-24T^2+1)x,\\ Z(9,2)&:\quad y^2+3(4T^3+T^2-2)xy+(T-1)^3(T^3-1)(4T^3-3T-7)y+ x^3\\ & \quad -3(T+1)(T^3-1)(9T^2+2T+1)x^2,\\ Z(10,1)&:\quad y^2-(3T-2)(6T^2-5T-2)xy -4T^2(T-1)^2(4T^2-2T-1)(27T^3-54T^2+16T+12)y\\ & \quad +x^3+T^2(T-1)(27T^3-54T^2+16T+12)x^2,\\ Z(10,3)&:\quad y^2+(T^3-8T^2-9T-8)xy+2T^2(T^3-T^2-3T-3)(7T^2+2T+3)y\\ & \quad +x^3+2(3T+2)(T^3-T^2-3T-3)x^2,\\ Z(11,1)&:\quad y^2+(T^3+T)xy=x^3-(4T^5-17T^4+30T^3-18T^2+4)x^2 +T^2(2T-1)(3T^2-7T+5)^2x \end{split} \] Using these explicit equations, the author applies the methods of van Luijk and Kloosterman to compute the geometric Picard number of each surface [\textit{R. Van Luijk}, J. Number Theory 123, No. 1, 92--119 (2007; Zbl 1160.14029); \textit{R. van Luijk}, Algebra Number Theory 1, No. 1, 1--17 (2007; Zbl 1123.14022); \textit{R. Kloosterman}, Can. Math. Bull. 50, No. 2, 215--226 (2007; Zbl 1162.14024)].

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