scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1543093

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Publication:4520548





Here, an elliptic surface is a smooth projective surface \(S\) with an elliptic fibration \(S\to C\) over a smooth projective curve \(C\) and a section \(C\to S\), all defined over a field \(k\) of characteristic zero. Let \(E/k(C)\) be the elliptic curve whose function field \(k(C)(E)\) is isomorphic to \(k(S)\) as \(k(C)\)-algebra, then the group \(E(k(C))\) of \(k(C)\)-rational points of \(E\) is isomorphic to the group \(S(C/k)\) of sections of \(S\to C\). Then, if \(S\to C\) does not split (i.e. \(S\) is not birational isomorphic to a product \(E_0\times C\), with \(E_0/k\) an elliptic curve), the Mordell-Weil theorem states that \(E(k(C))\) is a finitely generated group. If \(k\) is a number field, \(E(k(C))\) is a finitely generated group regardless of whether or not \(S\to C\) splits. A basic result of Shioda states that, if \(C=\mathbb P^1\), then \(r=\text{rk}(E(k(t)) \leq 10p_{g}+8\), where \(p_g\) is the geometric genus of \(S\). When \(p_g=0\), the elliptic surface \(S\to\mathbb P^1\) is rational, and it is easy to construct rational elliptic surfaces with rank \(r\), for any integer \(r\) between \(0\) and \(8\). If \(p_g=1\), the elliptic surface \(S\to\mathbb P^1\) is a \(K3\) surface and \(r=\text{rk}(E(k(t))\leq 18\). In this case a result by \textit{D. A. Cox} [Duke Math. J. 49, 677-689 (1982; Zbl 0503.14018)]\ states that any integer \(r\) with \(0\leq r\leq 18\) occurs as the rank of some elliptic \(K3\) surface defined over \(\mathbb C\). The Cox method does not provide any explicit example of such surfaces. In the paper under review, the author constructs elliptic \(K3\) surfaces defined over \(\mathbb Q\) with rank \(r\) for any integer \(r\) between 0 and 18 except for 15. The use of a transcendental argument does not permit to find independent sections for such surfaces.




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