Computing tropical varieties over fields with valuation

DOI10.1007/S10208-019-09430-2MaRDI QIDQ2194773zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Thomas Markwig, Yue Ren

Publication date 7 September 2020

Published in Foundations of Computational Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.01762

zbMATH Keywords

Gröbner fans standard bases tropical geometry tropical varieties valued fields

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Non-Archimedean valued fields (12J25) Formal power series rings (13F25) Gröbner bases; other bases for ideals and modules (e.g., Janet and border bases) (13P10) Real algebraic sets (14P05) Computational aspects of higher-dimensional varieties (14Q15) Foundations of tropical geometry and relations with algebra (14T10)

Abstract: We show how tropical varieties of ideals I over a field K with non-trivial valuation can be traced back to tropical varieties of ideals in Rt[x] over some dense subring R in its ring of integers. Moreover, for homogeneous ideals, we present algorithms on how the latter can be computed in finite time, provided that generators are polynomial in t. While doing so, we also comment on the computation of the Groebner polytope structure and p-adic Groebner bases using our framework. All algorithms solely rely on existing standard basis techniques.

Review text

Let \(K\) be a complete valued field with a non-trivial discrete valuation \(\nu\). Let \(\mathcal O_K\subset K\) be the ring of integers with maximal ideal \(\langle p\rangle\) and residue field \(k\). Let \(R\) be a subring of \(\mathcal O_K\) such that \(\hat R=Rt/\langle p-t\rangle=\mathcal O_K\). Let \(\pi:Rt[x] \longrightarrow K[x]\), \(x=(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\), be the canonical map defined by \(\pi(t)=p\). For \(f=\sum c_{\alpha}x^{\alpha}\in K[x]\) and a weight vector \(w\in \mathbb R^n\) let \(in_{\nu,w}(f)=\sum_{w\alpha-\nu(c_{\alpha}) \text{ maximal}}c_{\alpha}p^{-\nu(c_{\alpha})}x^{\alpha} \in k[x]\). Let \(I \subset K[x]\) be an ideal and \(in_{\nu,w}(I)=\langle in_{\nu,w}(f)|f\in I\rangle \subset k[x]\). The tropical variety of \(I\) is defined as \(\mathcal T_{\nu}(I)=\{w\in \mathbb R^n| in_{\nu,w}(I) \text{ monomial free}\}\). For \(f=\sum c_{\alpha,\beta}t^{\beta}x^{\alpha}\in Rt[x]\) and \(w\in \mathbb R_{<0}\times \mathbb R^n\) define \(in_w(f)=\sum_{w(\beta,\alpha) \text{ maximal}}c_{\alpha,\beta}t^{\beta}x^{\alpha} \subset R[t,x]\) and for an ideal \(I \subset Rt[x]\) define \(in_w(I)=\langle in_w(f)|f\in I\rangle\). The corresponding tropical variety \(\mathcal T(I)\) is the closure of \(\{w\in \mathbb R_{<0}\times \mathbb R^n | in_w(I) \text{ monomial free}\}\). It is proved that \(\mathcal T(\pi^{-1}I) \cap (\{-1\} \times \mathbb R^n) \cong \mathcal T_{\nu}(I)\). This is the basis for computing tropical varieties over \(K\) using standard bases in \(R[t,x]\).

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