Carleson measure characterizations of the Campanato type space associated with Schrödinger operators on stratified Lie groups

DOI10.1515/FORUM-2019-0224MaRDI QIDQ2199342zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Yixin Wang, Yu Liu, Chuanhong Sun, Pengtao Li

Publication date 16 September 2020

Published in Forum Mathematicum (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1515/forum-2019-0224

Campanato type spaces Carleson measures Hardy spaces Schrödinger operator square functions stratified Lie groups

Analysis on real and complex Lie groups (22E30) Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) PDEs on Heisenberg groups, Lie groups, Carnot groups, etc. (35R03) (H^p)-spaces (42B30) Function spaces arising in harmonic analysis (42B35) Analysis on other specific Lie groups (43A80) Linear operators on function spaces (general) (47B38)

Review text

Let \(G\) be a stratified Lie group with a fixed homogenous norm \(| \cdot |\) and let \(\Delta_G\) be the sub-Laplacian (sum of squares of the vector fields that generate the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\)) on \(G.\) Let \(\mathcal{L} = -\Delta_G + V\) where \(V\) is a non-negative potential satisfying a suitable reverse Hölder inequality. This paper is concerned with Hardy spaces associated with the operator \(\mathcal{L}\). Results obtained include an atomic characterization of the Hardy spaces and a characterization of Campanato type spaces (certain dual of Hardy spaces) using fractional Carleson type measures. A non-negative function \(V\) is said to belong to the reverse Hölder class \(B_q,\) \(1 < q < \infty\), if there exists a constant \(C\) such that for every ball \(B \subset G\), the reverse Hölder inequality holds: \[ \left ( \frac{1}{|B|} \int_B~V^q(g)~dg \right ) ^{1/q} \leq ~\frac{C}{|B|}~\int_B~V(g)~dg.\] Fix \(V \in B_{q_0}\) with \(\frac{Q}{2} < q_0 < Q\), where \(Q\) is the homogenous dimension of \(G\) and let \(\delta = 2 - \frac{Q}{q_0}\). Define the auxiliary function \(\rho(g, V) = \rho(g)\) by \[\rho(g) = \sup_{r > 0} \left\{r:~\frac{1}{r^{Q-2}}~\int_{B(g, r)}~V(x)~dx \leq 1 \right \}, \ \ g \in G.\] For a locally integrable function \(f\) on \(G\) define \(f_B = \frac{1}{|B|}~\int_B~f(g)~dg\) where \(B\) is a ball in \(G\) and set \(f(B, V)(g) = \chi_{(0, \rho(g))} f_B\). Then, for \(\alpha \in (0, Q)\) the Campanato type space \(\Lambda^\alpha_{\mathcal{L}}(G)\) is defined to be the space of all locally integrable functions \(f\) satisfying \[ \|f\|_{\Lambda^\alpha_{\mathcal{L}}} = \sup_{B \subset G}~\left \{ \frac{1}{|B|^{\alpha / Q}} \left ( \int_B~|f - f(B, V)|^2~\frac{dg}{|B|} \right )^{\frac{1}{2}} \right \} < \infty.\] To define the Hardy spaces, use the heat semigroup \(\{T_t^{\mathcal{L}} \}_{t > 0}\) generated by \(\mathcal{L}\). For \( \frac{Q}{Q+ \delta} < p < 1\), define the Hardy space \(H^p_{\mathcal{L}}(G)\) to the space of all distributions \(f \in \left ( \Lambda_{\mathcal{L}}^{Q(1/p -1)}(G) \right)^\ast\) satisfying \[ \left \|f ~\right \|^p_{H_{\mathcal{L}^p}} = \| \sup_{t > 0} |T_t^{\mathcal{L}}f| \|^p_{L^p}.\] One of the main results proved in the paper is an atomic characterization of these Hardy spaces. This result helps in proving the duality \[ \Lambda_{\mathcal{L}}^{Q(1/p -1)} (G) = H_{\mathcal{L}}^p(G)^\ast, \quad \frac{Q}{Q+\delta} < p < 1.\] A characterization of the Campanato type spaces using fractional type Carleson measures is also obtained.

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