Carleson measure characterizations of the Campanato type space associated with Schrödinger operators on stratified Lie groups (Q2199342)

Let \(G\) be a stratified Lie group with a fixed homogenous norm \(| \cdot |\) and let \(\Delta_G\) be the sub-Laplacian (sum of squares of the vector fields that generate the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\)) on \(G.\) Let \(\mathcal{L} = -\Delta_G + V\) where \(V\) is a non-negative potential satisfying a suitable reverse Hölder inequality. This paper is concerned with Hardy spaces associated with the operator \(\mathcal{L}\). Results obtained include an atomic characterization of the Hardy spaces and a characterization of Campanato type spaces (certain dual of Hardy spaces) using fractional Carleson type measures. A non-negative function \(V\) is said to belong to the reverse Hölder class \(B_q,\) \(1 < q < \infty\), if there exists a constant \(C\) such that for every ball \(B \subset G\), the reverse Hölder inequality holds: \[ \left ( \frac{1}{|B|} \int_B~V^q(g)~dg \right ) ^{1/q} \leq ~\frac{C}{|B|}~\int_B~V(g)~dg.\] Fix \(V \in B_{q_0}\) with \(\frac{Q}{2} < q_0 < Q\), where \(Q\) is the homogenous dimension of \(G\) and let \(\delta = 2 - \frac{Q}{q_0}\). Define the auxiliary function \(\rho(g, V) = \rho(g)\) by \[\rho(g) = \sup_{r > 0} \left\{r:~\frac{1}{r^{Q-2}}~\int_{B(g, r)}~V(x)~dx \leq 1 \right \}, \ \ g \in G.\] For a locally integrable function \(f\) on \(G\) define \(f_B = \frac{1}{|B|}~\int_B~f(g)~dg\) where \(B\) is a ball in \(G\) and set \(f(B, V)(g) = \chi_{(0, \rho(g))} f_B\). Then, for \(\alpha \in (0, Q)\) the Campanato type space \(\Lambda^\alpha_{\mathcal{L}}(G)\) is defined to be the space of all locally integrable functions \(f\) satisfying \[ \|f\|_{\Lambda^\alpha_{\mathcal{L}}} = \sup_{B \subset G}~\left \{ \frac{1}{|B|^{\alpha / Q}} \left ( \int_B~|f - f(B, V)|^2~\frac{dg}{|B|} \right )^{\frac{1}{2}} \right \} < \infty.\] To define the Hardy spaces, use the heat semigroup \(\{T_t^{\mathcal{L}} \}_{t > 0}\) generated by \(\mathcal{L}\). For \( \frac{Q}{Q+ \delta} < p < 1\), define the Hardy space \(H^p_{\mathcal{L}}(G)\) to the space of all distributions \(f \in \left ( \Lambda_{\mathcal{L}}^{Q(1/p -1)}(G) \right)^\ast\) satisfying \[ \left \|f ~\right \|^p_{H_{\mathcal{L}^p}} = \| \sup_{t > 0} |T_t^{\mathcal{L}}f| \|^p_{L^p}.\] One of the main results proved in the paper is an atomic characterization of these Hardy spaces. This result helps in proving the duality \[ \Lambda_{\mathcal{L}}^{Q(1/p -1)} (G) = H_{\mathcal{L}}^p(G)^\ast, \quad \frac{Q}{Q+\delta} < p < 1.\] A characterization of the Campanato type spaces using fractional type Carleson measures is also obtained.