Platonic Harbourne-Hirschowitz rational surfaces
Let \(X\) be a projective variety defined over an algebraically closed field such that the linear equivalence is equal to the numerical equivalence, then the Cox ring of \(X\) is defined as \[\mathrm{Cox}(X) = \bigoplus_{(n_{1}, \dots, n_{t}) \in \mathbb{Z}^{t}} H^{0}(X, L_{1}^{n_{1}} \otimes \dots \otimes L_{t}^{n_{t}}),\] where \(L_{1}, \dots, L_{t}\) form a basis for the Picard group \(\mathrm{Pic}(X)\) of \(X\). One of the main problems in the study of Cox rings is to decide if these are finitely generated, even in the case of surfaces. In the paper under review the authors study the finite generation problem for Platonic rational surfaces constructed as follows. Let \(\Sigma_{n}\) be the \(n\)-th Hirzebruch surface. Let \(n, r_{1}, \dots, r_{n+1}, r_{n+2}\) be non-negative integers and let \(t\), \(s\) be non-negative integers such that \(s \leq n+2\). Fix \(t+n+2\) different fibers \(F_{p_{1}}, \dots, F_{p_{t}}, F_{q_{1}}, \dots, F_{q_{s}}, F_{q_{s+1}}, \dots, F_{q_{n+2}}\) of the natural ruling \(\Sigma_{n} \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^{1}\) and consider the following: i) the points \(p_{1}, \dots, p_{t}\) of \(\Sigma_{n}\), where \(p_{i}\) is the unique point of the intersection between \(F_{p_{i}}\) and section \(C_{n}\), ii) the points \(o_{1}, \dots, o_{s}\) of \(\Sigma_{n}\), where \(o_{j}\) is the unique intersection point of section \(C_{n}\) and \(F_{q_{j}}\), iii) for \(m=1, \dots, n+2\) the points \(q_{m,1}, \dots, q_{m,r_{m}}\) of \(\Sigma_{n}\), where \(q_{m,l}\) is a point in the fibre \(F_{q_{m}}\) for every \(l=1, \dots, r_{m}\) and it is not equal to the point of the intersection between \(C_{n}\) and \(F_{q_{m}}\). One denotes by \(Z_{n}^{t,s,r_1\dots, r_{n+2}}\) the rational surface obtained as the blowing up of \(\Sigma_{n}\) at the zero-dimensional closed subscheme \(\bigcup_{i=1}^{t}\{p_{i}\} \cup \bigcup_{j=1}^{s}\{o_{j}\} \cup \bigcup_{m=1}^{n+2}\{q_{m,1}, \dots, q_{m,r_{m}}\}\). We say that \(Z_{n}^{t,s,r_{1}, \dots, r_{n+2}}\) is a Platonic rational surface if \(\prod_{i=1}^{n+2}r_{i} = 0\) or \(\sum_{m=1}^{n+2}\frac{1}{r_{m}} > n\). Now we can formulate the main results of the paper. Theorem A. With the notation as above, if \(Z_{n}^{t+s,r_{1}, \dots, r_{n+2}}\) is Platonic, then the set of all \((-1)\) and \((-2)\)-curves is finite. Moreover, the effective monoid is finitely generated. Theorem B. With the notation as above, if \(Z_{n}^{t+s,r_{1}, \dots, r_{n+2}}\) is Platonic, then its Cox ring is finitely generated.
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