Stability and collisions of quantum droplets in PT-symmetric dual-core couplers

DOI10.1016/J.CNSNS.2020.105424MaRDI QIDQ2213874zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Zheng Zhou, Bo Zhu, Honghua Zhong, Hai-Bin Wang

Publication date 3 December 2020

Published in Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.05803

zbMATH Keywords

Bose-Einstein condensatesparity-time symmetryquantum droplets

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Soliton solutions (35C08) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Ion traps (78A37) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Nonselfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory including creation and destruction operators (81Q12) Finite-dimensional groups and algebras motivated by physics and their representations (81R05) (2)-body potential quantum scattering theory (81U05) Bosonic systems in quantum theory (81V73) Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase transitions (general) in statistical mechanics (82C26)

Abstract: We study the effect of the interplay between parity-time ($mathcalPT$) symmetry and optical lattice (OL) potential on dynamics of quantum droplets (QDs) forming in a binary bosonic condensate trapped in a dual-core system. It is found that the stability of symmetric QDs in such non-Hermitian system depends critically on the competition of gain and loss $gamma$, inter-core coupling $kappa$, and OL potential. In the absence of OL potential, the $mathcalPT$-symmetric QDs are unstable against symmetry-breaking perturbations with the increase of the total condensate norm $N$, and they retrieve the stability at larger $N$, in the weakly-coupled regime. As expected, the stable region of the $mathcalPT$-symmetric QDs shrinks when $gamma$ increases, i.e., the $mathcalPT$ symmetry is prone to break the stability of QDs. There is a critical value of $kappa$ beyond which the $mathcalPT$-symmetric QDs are entirely stable in the unbroken $mathcalPT$-symmetric phase. In the presence of OL potential, the $mathcalPT$-symmetric on-site QDs are still stable for relatively small and large values of $N$. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that the OL potential can assist stabilization of $mathcalPT$-symmetric on-site QDs for some moderate values of $N$. On the other hand, it is worth noting that the relatively small $mathcalPT$-symmetric off-site QDs are unstable, and only the relatively large ones are stable. Furthermore, collisions between stable $mathcalPT$-symmetric QDs are considered too. It is revealed that the slowly moving $mathcalPT$-symmetric QDs tend to merge into breathers, while the fast-moving ones display quasi-elastic collision and suffer fragmentation for small and large values of $N$, respectively.

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Cited in

(8)

• Dynamics of 1D and 3D quantum droplets in parity-time-symmetric harmonic-Gaussian potentials with two competing nonlinearities
• Discrete quantum droplets in one-dimensional optical lattices
• Dynamics of quantum droplets in a one-dimensional optical lattice
• Oscillatory stability of quantum droplets in  -symmetric optical lattice
• Spontaneous symmetry breaking, stability and adiabatic changes of 2D quantum droplets in amended Gross-Pitaevskii equation with multi-well potential
• Analytical results for a spin–orbit coupled atom held in a non-Hermitian double well under synchronous combined modulations
• Formations and dynamics of two-dimensional spinning asymmetric quantum droplets controlled by a \(\mathcal{PT}\)-symmetric potential
• Data-driven two-dimensional stationary quantum droplets and wave propagations in the amended Gross-Pitaevskii equation with two potentials via deep neural networks learning

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