New concentration phenomena for a class of radial fully nonlinear equations

DOI10.1016/J.ANIHPC.2020.03.003MaRDI QIDQ2214923zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors G. Galise, Filomena Pacella, Alessandro Iacopetti, Fabiana Leoni

Publication date 10 December 2020

Published in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré. Analyse Non Linéaire (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.00847

asymptotic behavior existence fully nonlinear Dirichlet problems radial solutions

Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Axially symmetric solutions to PDEs (35B07) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60)

Abstract: We study radial sign-changing solutions of a class of fully nonlinear elliptic Dirichlet problems in a ball, driven by the extremal Pucci's operators and with a power nonlinear term. We first determine a new critical exponent related to the existence or nonexistence of such solutions. Then we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the radial nodal solutions as the exponents approach the critical values, showing that new concentration phenomena occur. Finally we define a suitable weighted energy for these solutions and compute its limit value.

Review text

The authors consider the problem \[\begin{cases}-F(D^2 u)=\vert u\vert^{p-1}u \quad&\text{in } B,\\ u=0&\text{on } \partial B,\\ u(0)>0&\text{in }B,\end{cases}\] \noindent where \(B\) is the unit ball of \({\mathbb R}^N\), \(p>1\), \(0<\lambda\leq\Lambda\) and \(F\) is either one of the Pucci's extremal operators \(M^\pm_{\lambda,\Lambda}\), defined by \[M^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}(X)=\inf_{\lambda I\leq A\leq \Lambda I} tr(AX)=\lambda\sum_{\mu_i>0}\mu_i+\Lambda\sum_{\mu_i<0}\mu_i,\] \[M^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(X)=\sup_{\lambda I\leq A\leq \Lambda I} tr(AX)=\Lambda\sum_{\mu_i>0}\mu_i+\lambda\sum_{\mu_i<0}\mu_i,\] \noindent \(\mu_1\),...,\(\mu_N\) being the eigenvalues of any squared symmetric matrix \(X\). Previously, in the paper [Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Anal. Non Linéaire 20, No. 5, 843--865 (2003; Zbl 1274.35115)] \textit{P. L. Felmer} and \textit{A. Quaas} proved that there exist two critical exponents \(p^*_-<p^*_+\) (not explicitly known) such that positive radial classical solutions to the previous problem exist if and only if \(p<p^*_-\) for \(F= M^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}\) or \(p<p^*_+\) for \(F= M^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}\). The main result of the present paper shows that such a bound on the exponent \(p\) is not optimal if radial sign-changing solutions are considered. Indeed they obtain the following theorem: i) If \(F= M^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}\), then radial sign-changing solutions of the previous problem with any number of nodal domains exist if and only if \(p<p^*_-\). ii) If \(F= M^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}\), then there exists a new critical exponent \(p_+^{**}\) satisfying \(p^{**}_+<p<p^*_+\) such that no radial sign-changing solutions of the previous problem exist for \(p\geq p^{**}_+\), while radial sign-changing solutions with any number of nodal domains exist at least for a sequence of exponents \(p_n\uparrow p^{**}_+\). After proving this result, the authors analyze the asymptotic behavior of the radial nodal solutions as the exponents approach the critical values, showing that new concentration phenomena occur. Finally they define a suitable weighted energy for these solutions and compute its limit value.

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