Generally covariant N-particle dynamics

DOI10.1016/J.GEOMPHYS.2020.103990zbMATH Open1456.53054arXiv2004.07015OpenAlexW3016311271MaRDI QIDQ2220116FDOQ2220116

Authors: Tomasz Miller, Michał Eckstein, Ryszard Horodecki, Paweł Horodecki 

Publication date: 21 January 2021

Published in: Journal of Geometry and Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: A simultaneous description of the dynamics of multiple particles requires a configuration space approach with an external time parameter. This is in stark contrast with the relativistic paradigm, where time is but a coordinate chosen by an observer. Here we show, however, that the two attitudes toward modelling $N$-particle dynamics can be conciliated within a generally covariant framework. To this end we construct an '$N$-particle configuration spacetime' $mathcal{M}_{scriptscriptstyle(N)}$, starting from a globally hyperbolic spacetime $mathcalM$ with a chosen smooth splitting into time and space components. The dynamics of multi-particle systems is modelled at the level of Borel probability measures over $mathcal{M}_{scriptscriptstyle(N)}$ with the help of the global time parameter. We prove that with any time-evolution of measures, which respects the $N$-particle causal structure of $mathcal{M}_{scriptscriptstyle(N)}$, one can associate a single measure on the Polish space of '$N$-particle wordlines'. The latter is a splitting-independent object, from which one can extract the evolution of measures for any other global observer on $mathcalM$. An additional asset of the adopted measure-theoretic framework is the possibility to model the dynamics of indistinguishable entities, such as quantum particles. As an application we show that the multi-photon and multi-fermion Schr"odinger equations, although explicitly dependent on the choice of an external time-parameter, are in fact fully compatible with the causal structure of the Minkowski spacetime.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07015

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zbMATH Keywords

optimal transportgeneral covariancerelativistic causalitymultiparticle quantum systems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Probability measures on topological spaces (60B05) Global differential geometry of Lorentz manifolds, manifolds with indefinite metrics (53C50) Applications of global differential geometry to the sciences (53C80) Miscellaneous topics in measure theory (28E99)

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Cited In (4)

• Quantum particle localization observables on Cauchy surfaces of Minkowski spacetime and their causal properties
• The Differentiation Lemma and the Reynolds Transport Theorem for submanifolds with corners
• Equations of motion and Galilei invariance in D-particle dynamics
• Towards a probabilistic foundation of relativistic quantum theory: the one-body Born rule in curved spacetime

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