Dependence of Lyubeznik numbers of cones of projective schemes on projective embeddings

DOI10.1007/S00029-020-00612-3MaRDI QIDQ2226038zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Thomas Reichelt, Morihiko Saito, Uli Walther

Publication date 11 February 2021

Published in Selecta Mathematica. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.07448

local cohomology Lyubeznik numbers projective schemes

Local cohomology and commutative rings (13D45) Local cohomology and algebraic geometry (14B15) Deformations of complex singularities; vanishing cycles (32S30) Monodromy; relations with differential equations and (D)-modules (complex-analytic aspects) (32S40) Stratifications; constructible sheaves; intersection cohomology (complex-analytic aspects) (32S60)

Abstract: We construct complex projective schemes with Lyubeznik numbers of their cones depending on the choices of projective embeddings. This answers a question of G. Lyubeznik in the characteristic 0 case. It contrasts with a theorem of W. Zhang in the positive characteristic case where the Frobenius endomorphism is used. Reducibility of schemes is essential in our argument. B. Wang recently constructed examples of irreducible projective schemes (which are not normal) from our examples of reducible ones. So the question is still open in the normal singular case.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a projective scheme over \(\mathbb{C}\) with a very ample line bundle \(\mathcal{L}\), and let \(\mathcal{C}\) be the cone of \(X\) associated with \(\mathcal{L}\). Let \(x_{1},\dots,x_{n}\) be the projective coordinates of \(\mathbb{P}^{n-1}(\mathbb{C})\) such that \(X\subseteq \mathbb{P}^{n-1}(\mathbb{C})\) and \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{n-1}(\mathbb{C})}(1)\vert_{X}=\mathcal{L}\), and let \(\mathfrak{a} \subseteq R=\mathbb{C}[x_{1},\dots,x_{n}]\) be the defining ideal of \(\mathcal{C}\subseteq \mathbb{A}^{n}_{\mathbb{C}}\). Then the Lyubeznik numbers of \(\mathcal{C}\) are defined as \[\lambda_{i,j}(\mathcal{C}):= \dim_{\mathbb{C}} \mathrm{Ext}_{R}^{i}\left(\mathbb{C},H_{\mathfrak{a}}^{n-j}(R)\right)\] for every \(i,j \geq 0\). The authors specify a technical condition that implies the dependence of the Lyubeznik numbers \(\lambda_{i,j}(\mathcal{C})\) on the choice of \(\mathcal{L}\). Using this result, they prove that if \(k\) is a field of characteristic \(0\), then there exist projective schemes over \(k\) such that the Lyubeznik numbers \(\lambda_{i,j}(\mathcal{C})\) of their cone \(\mathcal{C}\) depend on their projective embeddings. This answers a question of [\textit{G. Lyubeznik}, Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 226, 121--154 (2002; Zbl 1061.14005), p. 133] negatively. The striking feature of this result is that it contrasts entirely the positive characteristic case where the machinery of Frobenius endomorphism is available; see [\textit{L. Núñez-Betancourt} et al., Contemp. Math. 657, 137--163 (2016; Zbl 1346.13035)] and [\textit{W. Zhang}, Adv. Math. 228, No. 1, 575--616 (2011; Zbl 1235.13012)].

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