Equivelar toroids with few flag-orbits

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Abstract: An (n+1)-toroid is a quotient of a tessellation of the n-dimensional Euclidean space with a lattice group. Toroids are generalizations of maps in the torus on higher dimensions and also provide examples of abstract polytopes. Equivelar toroids are those that are induced by regular tessellations. In this paper we present a classification of equivelar (n+1)-toroids with at most n flag-orbits; in particular, we discuss a classification of 2-orbit toroids of arbitrary dimension.


Toroids are generalisations of maps on the torus to higher dimensions. To be more specific, an \((n+1)\)-toroid is a quotient of a tessellation of the \(n\)-dimensional Euclidean space with a lattice group. The classification of regular and chiral toroids of any rank was completed by \textit{P. McMullen} and \textit{E. Schulte} [Adv. Math. 117, No. 1, 17--51 (1996; Zbl 0847.52010)]. In particular, they showed that there exist no chiral toroids of rank greater than 3. Furthermore, \textit{M. I. Hartley} et al. [Can. J. Math. 51, No. 6, 1230--1239 (1999; Zbl 0965.51008)] showed for \(n\ge 2\), the only Euclidean space form that admits chiral tessellations is the \(n\)-torus and proved this is only possible when \(n = 2\). In [Discrete Comput. Geom. 48, No. 4, 1110--1136 (2012; Zbl 1263.51016)], \textit{I. Hubard} et al. studied properties of the automorphism groups of equivelar toroids and classified all equivelar toroids of ranks 3 and 4 into families according to their symmetry types. The present nice paper gives a classification of equivelar \((n+1)\)-toroids with at most \(n\) orbits. In particular, a classification of 2-orbit \((n+1)\)-toroids is discussed. Symmetry types of families of equivelar \((n+1)\)-toroids with at most \(n\) orbits are also determined.





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