On the smoothness of lexicographic points on Hilbert schemes
Let \(\text{Hilb}^{p(t)} (\mathbb P^n)\) be the Grothendieck Hilbert scheme that parametrizes closed subschemes \(X \subset \mathbb P^n\) with Hilbert polynomial \(p(t)\). \textit{A. Reeves} and \textit{M. Stillman} showed that the point in \(\text{Hilb}^{p(t)} (\mathbb P^n)\) corresponding to the lexicographic ideal is smooth [J. Algebr. Geom. 6, 235--246 (1997; Zbl 0924.14004)] and determines a canonical \textit{lexicographic component} of \(\text{Hilb}^{p(t)} (\mathbb P^n)\). \textit{I. Peeva} and \textit{M. Stillman} gave a version of this theorem for toric Hilbert schemes [Duke Math. J. 111, 419--449 (2002; Zbl 1067.14005)]. With \textit{M. Haiman} and \textit{B. Sturmfels} extending the Grothendieck Hilbert schemes to standard graded Hilbert schemes \(\mathcal H^{\mathfrak h} (R)\) parametrizing homogeneous ideals \(I\) with fixed Hilbert function \(\mathfrak h\) in a graded ring \(R\) [J. Algebr. Geom. 13, 725--769 (2004; Zbl 1072.14007)] it becomes natural to ask what the lexicographic points look like in that setting. \textit{D. Maclagan} and \textit{G. G. Smith} gave an analog to the Reeves-Stillman for standard multigraded Hilbert schemes in two variables [Adv. Math. 223, 1608--1631 (2010; Zbl 1191.14007)]. The authors give examples showing that the lexicographic point does not behave so nicely in \(\mathcal H^{\mathfrak h} (R)\) for more variables. They show that for \(S = k[x,y,z]\) and \(\mathfrak h = (1,3,4,4,3,3,3, \dots)\), the Hilbert scheme \(\mathcal H^{\mathfrak h} (S)\) is the union of two irreducible components of dimension \(8\) containing the lexicographic point in their intersection, so the lexicographic point is singular and does not correspond to a canonical component. They also give an example where the lexicographic point is not even Cohen-Macaulay. They also show for the exterior algebra \(E = \bigwedge k^5\) and \(\mathfrak h = (1,5,7,2)\) that the standard graded Hilbert scheme \(\mathcal H^{\mathfrak h} (E)\) is the union of two irreducible components of dimensions \(14\) and \(15\) which contain the lexicographic point in their intersection.
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