Continuity of eigenvalues and shape optimisation for Laplace and Steklov problems

DOI10.1007/S00039-021-00573-5zbMATH Open1480.35305arXiv2004.10784OpenAlexW3195135477MaRDI QIDQ2232151FDOQ2232151

Authors: Alexandre Girouard, Mikhail Karpukhin, Jean Lagacé 

Publication date: 4 October 2021

Published in: Geometric and Functional Analysis. GAFA (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We associate a sequence of variational eigenvalues to any Radon measure on a compact Riemannian manifold. For particular choices of measures, we recover the Laplace, Steklov and other classical eigenvalue problems. In the first part of the paper we study the properties variational eigenvalues and establish a general continuity result, which shows for a sequence of measures converging in the dual of an appropriate Sobolev space, that the associated eigenvalues converge as well. The second part of the paper is devoted to various applications to shape optimization. The main theme is studying sharp isoperimetric inequalities for Steklov eigenvalues without any assumption on the number of connected components of the boundary. In particular, we solve the isoperimetric problem for each Steklov eigenvalue of planar domains: the best upper bound for the $k$-th perimeter-normalised Steklov eigenvalue is $8pik$, which is the best upper bound for the $k$-th area-normalised eigenvalue of the Laplacian on the sphere. The proof involves realising a weighted Neumann problem as a limit of Steklov problems on perforated domains. For $k=1$, the number of connected boundary components of a maximizing sequence must tend to infinity, and we provide a quantitative lower bound on the number of connected components. A surprising consequence of our analysis is that any maximizing sequence of planar domains with fixed perimeter must collapse to a point.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10784

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zbMATH Keywords

Neumann eigenvaluessharp isoperimetric inequalities for Steklov eigenvalues

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) PDEs on manifolds (35R01) Elliptic equations on manifolds, general theory (58J05) Spectral problems; spectral geometry; scattering theory on manifolds (58J50)

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