Large Steklov eigenvalues via homogenisation on manifolds

DOI10.1007/S00222-021-01058-WzbMATH Open1477.58019OpenAlexW3182350985MaRDI QIDQ2052221FDOQ2052221

Authors Alexandre Girouard, Jean Lagacé 

Publication date 25 November 2021

Published in Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.04044

zbMATH Keywords

Steklov eigenvaluesfree boundary minimal surfacesweighted Laplace eigenvalues

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Differential geometry of immersions (minimal, prescribed curvature, tight, etc.) (53C42) Spectral problems; spectral geometry; scattering theory on manifolds (58J50)

Abstract: Using methods in the spirit of deterministic homogenisation theory we obtain convergence of the Steklov eigenvalues of a sequence of domains in a Riemannian manifold to weighted Laplace eigenvalues of that manifold. The domains are obtained by removing small geodesic balls that are asymptotically densely uniformly distributed as their radius tends to zero. We use this relationship to construct manifolds that have large Steklov eigenvalues. In dimension two, and with constant weight equal to 1, we prove that Kokarev's upper bound of $8pi$ for the first nonzero normalised Steklov eigenvalue on orientable surfaces of genus 0 is saturated. For other topological types and eigenvalue indices, we also obtain lower bounds on the best upper bound for the eigenvalue in terms of Laplace maximisers. For the first two eigenvalues, these lower bounds become equalities. A surprising consequence is the existence of free boundary minimal surfaces immersed in the unit ball by first Steklov eigenfunctions and with area strictly larger than $2pi$. This was previously thought to be impossible. We provide numerical evidence that some of the already known examples of free boundary minimal surfaces have these properties and also exhibit simulations of new free boundary minimal surfaces of genus 0 in the unit ball with even larger area. The first nonzero Steklov eigenvalue of all these examples is equal to 1, as a consequence of their symmetries and topology, so that they verify a general conjecture by Fraser and Li. In dimension three and larger, we prove that the isoperimetric inequality of Colbois--El Soufi--Girouard is sharp and implies an upper bound for weighted Laplace eigenvalues. We also show that in any manifold with a fixed metric, one can construct by varying the weight a domain with connected boundary whose first nonzero normalised Steklov eigenvalue is arbitrarily large.

Recommendations

• The first Steklov eigenvalue, conformal geometry, and minimal surfaces
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Cited In (19)

• Hypersurfaces with prescribed boundary and small Steklov eigenvalues
• Min-max harmonic maps and a new characterization of conformal eigenvalues
• From Steklov to Laplace: free boundary minimal surfaces with many boundary components
• Degenerating sequences of conformal classes and the conformal Steklov spectrum
• On the areas of genus zero free boundary minimal surfaces embedded in the unit 3-ball
• The first Steklov eigenvalue, conformal geometry, and minimal surfaces
• Tubular excision and Steklov eigenvalues
• Large spectral gaps for Steklov eigenvalues under volume constraints and under localized conformal deformations
• On Steklov eigenspaces for free boundary minimal surfaces in the unit ball
• Large Steklov eigenvalues on hyperbolic surfaces
• Some recent developments on the Steklov eigenvalue problem
• Flexibility of Steklov eigenvalues via boundary homogenisation
• Existence of harmonic maps and eigenvalue optimization in higher dimensions
• Multiple tubular excisions and large Steklov eigenvalues
• Higher dimensional surgery and Steklov eigenvalues
• Shape optimization for combinations of Steklov eigenvalues on Riemannian surfaces
• Compact manifolds with fixed boundary and large Steklov eigenvalues
• Laplace and Steklov extremal metrics via \(n\)-harmonic maps
• Geometric spectral theory. Abstracts from the workshop held August 20--25, 2023

Uses Software

• Surface Evolver

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