Eigenvalues of the Laplacian on a compact manifold with density

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Publication:2340908



Abstract: In this paper, we study the spectrum of the weighted Laplacian (also called Bakry-Emery or Witten Laplacian) Lsigma on a compact, connected, smooth Riemannian manifold (M,g) endowed with a measure sigmadvg. First, we obtain upper bounds for the k−th eigenvalue of Lsigma which are consistent with the power of k in Weyl's formula. These bounds depend on integral norms of the density sigma, and in the second part of the article, we give examples showing that this dependence is, in some sense, sharp. As a corollary, we get bounds for the eigenvalues of Laplace type operators, such as the Schr"{o}dinger operator or the Hodge Laplacian on p−forms. In the special case of the weighted Laplacian on the sphere, we get a sharp inequality for the first nonzero eigenvalue which extends Hersch's inequality.


Let \((M,g)\) be a compact Riemannian smooth manifold endowed with a measure \(\sigma dv_g\) where \(\sigma = e^{-f} \in C^2(M) \) is a positive density. The weighted Laplacian \(L_\sigma\) on \(M\) (also called Bakry-Emery Laplacian) is then defined by \[ L_\sigma = \Delta_g - \frac{1}{\sigma}\nabla^g \sigma \cdot \nabla^g = \Delta_g + \nabla^gf \cdot \nabla_g \] where \(\nabla^g\) and \(\Delta_g\) denote the gradient and the Laplacian with respect to \(g\). The spectrum of \(L_\sigma\) with Neumann boundary condition if \(\partial M \neq \emptyset\) consists of an unbounded sequence of eigenvalues which satisfies the Weyl asymptotic formula \[ \lambda_k(L_\sigma) \sim 4 \pi^2 \omega_n^{-\frac{2}{n}} \Big( \frac{k}{V_g(M)}\Big)^{\frac{2}{n}}, \quad k \to + \infty. \] In this paper, the authors obtain bounds for \(\lambda_k(L_\sigma) \) which are consistent with the power of \(k\) in the above formula and discuss the sharpness of these bounds. As a corollary they obtain bounds for the eigenvalues of Hodge Laplacian on \(p\)-forms and on Schrödinger operators.




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