A picture of the ODE's flow in the torus: from everywhere or almost-everywhere asymptotics to homogenization of transport equations

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2021.09.035MaRDI QIDQ2235669zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Marc Briane, Loïc Hervé

Publication date 21 October 2021

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.08995

zbMATH Keywords

ergodicityhomogenizationinvariant measurerotation settransport equationasymptotics of the flow

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Ergodicity, mixing, rates of mixing (37A25) Dynamics induced by flows and semiflows (37C10) Rotation numbers and vectors (37E45) Flows on surfaces (37E35) Transport equations (35Q49)

Abstract: In this paper, we study various aspects of the ODE's flow $X$ solution to the equation $partia{l}_{t}X(t,x)=b(X(t,x))$, $X(0,x)=x$ in the $d$-dimensional torus $Y_d$, where $b$ is a regular $mathbb{Z}^d$-periodic vector field from $mathbb{R}^d$ in $mathbb{R}^d$.We present an original and complete picture in any dimension of all logical connections between the following seven conditions involving the field $b$: (i) the everywhere asymptotics of the flow $X$, (ii) the almost-everywhere asymptotics of the flow $X$, (iii) the global rectification of the vector field $b$ in $Y_d$, (iv) the ergodicity of the flow related to an invariant probability measure which is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue's measure, (v) the unit set condition for Herman's rotation set $C_b$ composed of the means of $b$ related to the invariant probability measures, (vi) the unit set condition for the subset $D_b$ of $C_b$ composed of the means of $b$ related to the invariant probability measures which are absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue's measure, (vii) the homogenization of the linear transport equation with oscillating data and the oscillating velocity $b(x/varepsilon)$ when $b$ is divergence free. The main and surprising result of the paper is that the almost-everywhere asymptotics of the flow $X$ and the unit set condition for $D_b$ are equivalent when $D_b$ is assumed to be non empty, and that the two conditions turn to be equivalent to the homogenization of the transport equation when $b$ is divergence free. In contrast, using an elementary approach based on classical tools of PDE's analysis, we extend the two-dimensional results of Oxtoby and Marchetto to any $d$-dimensional Stepanoff flow: this shows that the ergodicity of the flow may hold without satisfying the everywhere asymptotics of the flow.

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Cited in

(7)

• Asymptotics of ODE's flow on the torus through a singleton condition and a perturbation result. Applications
• A new divergence-curl result for measures: application to the two-dimensional ODE's flow
• Specific properties of the ODE's flow in dimension two versus dimension three
• On a conjecture of De Giorgi related to homogenization
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• Homogenization of random transport along periodic two-dimensional flows
• Fine asymptotic expansion of the ODE's flow

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