Classification of nonsemicommutative rings

DOI10.1007/S10474-021-01165-3MaRDI QIDQ2236640zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 25 October 2021

Published in Acta Mathematica Hungarica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s10474-021-01165-3

Associative rings and algebras arising under various constructions (16S99) Associative rings and algebras with additional structure (16W99)

Review text

The authors determine the relationships among seven classes of rings. Let \(R\) be a unitary ring and \(N(R)\) its set of nilpotent elements. \(R\) is semicommutative (SC) if \(ab=0\) implies \(aRb=0\); 2-primal (\(2\)-\(P\)) if \(N(R)\) is the lower nil-radical; \(PS\)-\(1\) if \(R/\text{Ann}(a)\) is \(2\)-\(P\) for all \(a\); weakly 2-primal (\(W 2\)-\(P\)) if \(N(R)\) is the Levitzki radical; \(NI\) if \(N(R)\) is the upper nil radical; \(NR\) if \(N(R)\) is a non-unitary subring of \(R\); and Dedekind finite \((DF)\) if \(ab=1\) implies \(ba=1\). It is known that \[SC\subseteq PS\text{-}1\subseteq 2\text{-}P\subseteq W 2\text{-}P\subseteq NI\subseteq NR\subseteq DF.\] In this paper, the authors show by ingenious examples that all the inclusions are strict. They find examples in which \(R\) is reflexive (\(aRb=0\) implies \(bRa=0\)) or abelian (all idempotents are central).

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