A SIMPLE NIL RING EXISTS
Infinite-dimensional simple rings (except as in 16Kxx) (16D30) Simple and semisimple modules, primitive rings and ideals in associative algebras (16D60) Nil and nilpotent radicals, sets, ideals, associative rings (16N40) Prime and semiprime associative rings (16N60) Associative rings determined by universal properties (free algebras, coproducts, adjunction of inverses, etc.) (16S10)
It is proved that for any countable field \(K\) there exists a simple nil algebra over \(K\). This is the solution of a long-standing and famous problem in ring theory, that was asked by Levitzki, Kaplansky and others. A starting point is a remark by Ryabukhin (1969): A simple nil ring over \(K\) exists if and only if there is a natural number \(m\geq 2\) and an ideal \(N\) of the free algebra \(\overline A\) in \(2m+1\) variables \(a,x_1,\dots,x_m,y_1,\dots,y_m\) such that \(\overline A/N\) is nil, \(a\notin N\) and \(a-\sum_{i=1}^mx_ia^2y_i\in N\). The general idea of the proof is as follows: \(K\) is countable so the elements of \(\overline A\) can be enumerated as \(\{f_1,f_2,\dots\}\). Let \(I\) be the ideal of \(\overline A\) generated by the polynomial \(a-\sum_{i=1}^mx_ia^2y_i\), where \(m>10^{200}\), \(\overline N\) be the ideal of \(\overline A\) generated by \(f_i^{n_i}\) with \(n_i\) increasing rapidly enough. Then \(N=I+\overline N\). The proof is ingenious.
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