Koszul duality of affine Kac-Moody algebras and cyclotomic rational double affine Hecke algebras

Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds (14M15) Quadratic and Koszul algebras (16S37) Kac-Moody (super)algebras; extended affine Lie algebras; toroidal Lie algebras (17B67)

Abstract: We give a proof of the parabolic/singular Koszul duality for the category O of affine Kac-Moody algebras. The main new tool is a relation between moment graphs and finite codimensional affine Schubert varieties. We apply this duality to q-Schur algebras and to cyclotomic rational double affine Hecke algebras.

Review text

The paper studies the parabolic category \(\mathcal{O}\) for an affine Kac-Moody algebra. The goal of the paper is to prove the parabolic/singular Koszul duality. Let \(\mathfrak{g}\) be a simple Lie algebra over \(\mathbb{C}\). Let \(\mathbf{g}=\mathfrak{g}[t,t^{-1}]\oplus \mathbb{C}\mathbf{1}\oplus \mathbb{C}\partial\) be the affine Lie algebra associated with \(\mathfrak{g}\). Denote by \(\widehat W\) the affine Weyl group. Let \(\nu\) and \(\mu\) be two parabolic types (i.e., two proper subsets of the set of simple roots of \(\mathbf{g}\)). Let \(\mathbf{O}^\nu\) be the parabolic category \(\mathcal{O}\) for \(\mathbf{g}\) of parabolic type \(\nu\). The paper considers full subcategories \(\mathbf O_{\mu,+}^\nu\) (resp. \(\mathbf O_{\mu,-}^\nu\)) of \(\mathbf O^\nu\) at a positive (resp. negative) level defined by the linkage principal, where \(\mu\) is the singular type. The highest weights of simple modules in \(\mathbf O_{\mu,+}^\nu\) (or \(\mathbf O_{\mu,-}^\nu\)) are in the same linkage classes (i.e., in the same shifted \(\widehat W\)-orbits). The parameter \(\mu\) determines the stabilizer in \(\widehat W\) of the dominant (or anti-dominant) weight in the \(\widehat W\)-orbit. The categories \(\mathbf O_{\mu,+}^\nu\) and \(\mathbf O_{\mu,-}^\nu\) have infinitely many simple objects. Moreover, the category \(\mathbf O_{\mu,-}^\nu\) has no projective objects and the category \(\mathbf O_{\mu,+}^\nu\) has no tilting objects. To overcome this difficulty, the categories \(\mathbf O_{\mu,+}^\nu\) and \(\mathbf O_{\mu,-}^\nu\) may be replaced by their truncated versions \({^v}\mathbf O_{\mu,+}^\nu\) and \({^v}\mathbf O_{\mu,-}^\nu\). More precisely, the category \({^v}\mathbf O_{\mu,+}^\nu\) is a Serre quotient of \(\mathbf O_{\mu,+}^\nu\) and the category \({^v}\mathbf O_{\mu,-}^\nu\) is a Serre subcategory of \(\mathbf O_{\mu,-}^\nu\). The main theorem of the paper is that the category \(^v\mathbf O_{\mu,+}^\nu\) admits a Koszul grading and its Koszul dual category is the category \(^u\mathbf O_{\nu,-}^\mu\), where the parameter \(u\) is determined by \(v\), \(\mu\) and \(\nu\). This means that there exist Koszul algebras \(^vA_{\mu,+}^\nu\) and \(^uA_{\nu,-}^\mu\) such that they are Koszul dual to each other and we have equivalences of categories \(^v\mathbf O_{\mu,+}^\nu\simeq \text{mod}(^vA_{\mu,+}^\nu)\) and \(^u\mathbf O_{\nu,-}^\mu\simeq \text{mod}(^uA_{\nu,-}^\mu)\). The proof of the main theorem contains two technical ingredients. The first one is an affine analogue of the Soergel functor \(\mathbb V\). This functor associates a sheaf on a moment graph to each representation in \(^v\mathbf O_{\mu,\pm}^\nu\). The second one is a relation between the affine category \(\mathcal O\) and the geometry of flag manifolds. An important new tool is given in the appendix to the paper. It relates sheaves over some moment graph and equivariant perverse sheaves associated with finite codimensional affine Schubert varieties. As an application, the paper gives a relation between the level-rank duality and the Ringel-Koszul duality.

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