Non-rationality of some fibrations associated to Klein surfaces
It is well-known that the quotient of \(\mathbb{C}^2\) by a finite group \(G\subset \mathrm{SL}(2, \mathbb{C})\) is a hypersurface in \(\mathbb{C}^3\) defined by a single equation \(F=0\). The hypersurface has a unique singularity at the origin, which is of type \(A, D, E\). We say the polynomial \(F\) is of type \(A, D, E\) if the hypersurface singularity is of type \(A, D, E\). The polynomial \(F\) induces a map \(\mathbb{C}^3 \to \mathbb{C}\), whose only singular fiber the hypersurface defined by \(F=0\). The author of the paper under review studies the rationality question of the generic fiber (over the function field \(\mathbb{C}(t)\)) and the automorphism group of the hypersurface. Theorem 1. The generic fiber is rational if and only if the polynomial \(F\) is of type \(A_n\). The proof goes by finding a suitable compactification of the generic fiber and then using some rationality criterion of minimal del Pezzo surface and conic bundles over a perfect field. The author goes further by considering the minimal field extension of \(\mathbb{C}(t)\) to make the \(D, E\) case rational. The automorphism group of \(A_n\) type hypersurfaces is quite large, as it contains the group \[ \{(x, y, z) \mapsto (x+yP(y), y, z+\frac{(x+yP(y))^n-x^n}{y})| P \in \mathbb{C}[y]\}. \] As a contrary, the author shows the following: Theorem 3. The followings are equivalent: 1. Each automorphism of \(F=0\) extends to \(\mathbb{C}^3\). 2. The group of automorphisms has finite dimension. 3. The polynomial \(F\) is of type \(D\) or \(E\). The author also determines the automorphism groups.
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