Poisson vertex algebras in the theory of Hamiltonian equations
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Publication:2267355
evolution equationintegrable hierarchyvariational derivativePoisson vertex algebraDirac structureLie conformal algebraintegral of motionlocal functionalvariational complexbeltrami \(\lambda \) -bracketcompatible \(\lambda \) -bracketscompatible Dirac structuresevolutionary vector fieldlenard schemenormal algebra of differential functionsFréchet derivative
Vertex operators; vertex operator algebras and related structures (17B69) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and other algebraic structures (37K30) Applications of Lie algebras and superalgebras to integrable systems (17B80)
Abstract: We lay down the foundations of the theory of Poisson vertex algebras aimed at its applications to integrability of Hamiltonian partial differential equations. Such an equation is called integrable if it can be included in an infinite hierarchy of compatible Hamiltonian equations, which admit an infinite sequence of linearly independent integrals of motion in involution. The construction of a hierarchy and its integrals of motion is achieved by making use of the so called Lenard scheme. We find simple conditions which guarantee that the scheme produces an infinite sequence of closed 1-forms omega_j, j in Z_+, of the variational complex Omega. If these forms are exact, i.e. omega_j are variational derivatives of some local functionals int h_j, then the latter are integrals of motion in involution of the hierarchy formed by the corresponding Hamiltonian vector fields. We show that the complex Omega is exact, provided that the algebra of functions V is "normal"; in particular, for arbitrary V, any closed form in Omega becomes exact if we add to V a finite number of antiderivatives. We demonstrate on the examples of KdV, HD and CNW hierarchies how the Lenard scheme works. We also discover a new integrable hierarchy, which we call the CNW hierarchy of HD type. Developing the ideas of Dorfman, we extend the Lenard scheme to arbitrary Dirac structures, and demonstrate its applicability on the examples of the NLS, pKdV and KN hierarchies.
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