A property of discriminants

Publication date 24 September 2019

Abstract: For the family

P := x^{n} + a_{1} x^{n - 1} + c d o t s + a_{n}

of complex polynomials in the variable

x

we study its {em discriminant}

R :=

Res

(P, P^{'}, x)

,

R i n m a t h b b C [a]

,

a = (a_{1}, l d o t s, a_{n})

. When

R

is regarded as a polynomial in

a_{k}

, one can consider its discriminant

i l d e D_{k} :=

Res

(R, p a r t i a l R / p a r t i a l a_{k}, a_{k})

. We show that

i l d e D_{k} = c_{k} (a_{n})^{d (n, k)} M_{k}^{2} T_{k}^{3}

, where

c_{k} i n m a t h b b Q^{*}

,

d (n, k) := m i n (1, n - k) + m a x (0, n - k - 2)

, the polynomials

M_{k}, T_{k} i n m a t h b b C [a^{k}]

have integer coefficients,

a^{k} = (a_{1}, l d o t s, a_{k - 1}, a_{k + 1}, l d o t s, a_{n})

, the sets

M_{k} = 0

and

T_{k} = 0

are the projections in the space of the variables

a^{k}

of the closures of the strata of the variety

R = 0

on which

P

has respectively two double roots or a triple root. Set

P_{k} := P - x P^{'} / (n - k)

for

1 l e q k l e q n - 1

and

P_{n} := P^{'}

. One has

T_{k} =

{ m Res}

(P_{k}, {P_{k}}^{'}, x)

for

k e q n - 1

and

T_{n - 1} =

{ m Res}

(P_{n - 1}, P_{n^{'} - 1}, x) / a_{n}

.

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