Some remarks for a modified periodic Camassa-Holm system
The following modified two-component Camassa-Holm system is considered: \[ \begin{aligned} m_{t} + um_{x} + 2mu_{x} &= -\rho \gamma_{x},\\ \rho_{t} + (\rho u)_{x} &= 0, \end{aligned}\tag{1} \] \(m = (1-\partial_{x}^{2})u\), \(\rho = (1-\partial_{x}^{2})\gamma\), where either \[ u(t,x+1) = u(t,x) \quad\text{ and }\quad \gamma(t,x+1) =\gamma(t,x) \tag{a} \] are periodic in the spatial variable, or \[ u(t,0) = u(t, \textstyle{\frac{1}{2}}) = \gamma(t,0) = \gamma(t, \textstyle{\frac{1}{2}}) = 0\tag{b} \] satisfy Dirichlet boundary data on the finite interval \([0,\textstyle{\frac{1}{2}}]\). The authors establish local well-posedness for the periodic initial-value problem (1a) for initial data \(u(0,\cdot)\), \(\rho(0,\cdot)\) in Sobolev space \(H^{s}\), \(s > 3/2\), as well as existence of distributional solutions for initial data \(H^{s}\), \(s \in [1,\textstyle{\frac{3}{2}}]\). For the combined initial- and boundary-value problem (1b) local well-posedness is established for initial data in \(H^{s} \cap H_{0}^{1}\), \(s \in (\textstyle{\frac{3}{2}},\textstyle{\frac{5}{2}})\). Several blow-up results for the case (1a) are given (and it is remarked that similar results may be obtained also for the case (1b)). The system (1) was proposed in [\textit{D. Holm, L. Naraigh} and \textit{C. Tronci}, ``Singular solutions of a modified two-component Camassa-Holm equation, Phy. Rev. E, 79, 1--13 (2009)] to allow for peakon solutions in both the velocity \(u\) and the averaged density \(\bar \varrho = \gamma + \bar\varrho_{0}\), \(\bar\varrho_{0}\) a constant, in the two-component Camassa-Holm equation. The paper under review combines several techniques: The existence proof for the periodic case (1a) uses, in the first part, Kato's theorem [\textit{T. Kato}, Lect. Notes Math. 448, 25--70 (1975; Zbl 0315.35077)], and, in the second, a regularization technique applied in [\textit{Y. A. Li} and \textit{P. J. Olver}, J. Differ. Equations 162, No. 1, 27--63 (2000; Zbl 0958.35119)] in combination with methods from [\textit{Y. Fu, Y. Liu} and \textit{C. Qu}, Math. Ann. 348, No. 2, 415--448 (2010; Zbl 1207.35074)]. The proof for the corresponding boundary value problem (1b) is analog to the approach used in [\textit{J. Escher} and \textit{Z. Yin}, J. Funct. Anal. 256, No. 2, 479--508 (2009; Zbl 1193.35108)]), and the results on blow-up and wave-breaking draw inspiration from [\textit{C. Guan, K. H. Karlsen} and \textit{Z. Yin}, Contemp. Math. 526, 199--220 (2010; Zbl 1213.35133)], but also from the classical investigation [\textit{A. Constantin} and \textit{J. Escher}, Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 51, No. 5, 475--504 (1998; Zbl 0934.35153)]. All these references, together with many more, are clearly stated in the paper.
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