Kostant section, universal centralizer, and a modular derived Satake equivalence

Positive characteristic ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G17) Group schemes (14L15) Coadjoint orbits; nilpotent varieties (17B08) Lie algebras of linear algebraic groups (17B45)

Abstract: We prove analogues of fundamental results of Kostant on the universal centralizer of a connected reductive algebraic group for algebraically closed fields of positive characteristic (with mild assumptions), and for integral coefficients. As an application, we use these results to obtain a "mixed modular" analogue of the derived Satake equivalence of Bezrukavnikov-Finkelberg.

Review text

The main goal of this paper is to establish some basic results on Kostant's sections and universal centralizer schemes for Lie algebras in positive characteristics; as an application, a mixed modular version of the derived Satake equivalence is obtained, which is stated in terms of parity sheaves and the derived category of equivariant coherent sheaves on \(\mathfrak{g} = \mathrm{Lie}(G)\). The section 2 consists of notations and preliminaries on regular elements in reductive Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field \(\mathbb{F}\), with special attention to the case \(\mathrm{char}(\mathbb{F}) =: \ell > 0\). In the section 3, the theories of Kostant sections, universal centralizers and the analogues for Grothendieck-Springer resultions in characteristic \(\ell > 0\) are established with great care. In the section 4, the author passes to the setting of integral coefficients, with the not-very-good primes for \(G\) inverted. The method is to reduce to the fibers over geometric points, and apply the results in the previous sections. Next, for \(\check{G}\): quasi-simple, simply-connected over \(\mathbb{C}\), we form the affine Grassmannian \(\mathrm{Gr} = \check{G}(\mathcal{K})/\check{G}(\mathcal{O})\), together with the Langlands dual group \(G\) over \(\mathbb{F}\) afforded by geometric Satake [\textit{I. Mirković} and \textit{K. Vilonen}, Ann. Math. (2) 166, No. 1, 95--143 (2007; Zbl 1138.22013)]. Let \(\check{T} \subset \check{G}\) be a maximal torus. The mixed modular derived Satake equivalence in this setting is presented in the section 5. It uses the results from [\textit{Z. Yun} and \textit{X. Zhu}, Represent. Theory 15, 347--369 (2011; Zbl 1267.57041)] on the \(\check{T}\)-equivariant cohomologies of \(\mathrm{Gr}\). The upshot is an natural isomorphism \[ H^\bullet_{\check{T}}(\mathrm{Gr}, \mathbb{F}) \overset{\sim}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{Dist}(I_{\mathfrak{t}^*}) \] where \(I_{\mathfrak{t}^*}\) is the universal centralizer scheme for \(G\), transported to \(\mathfrak{t}^*\) in some suitable way, and \(\mathrm{Dist}\) denotes the algebra of distributions. We then define \[ D^{\mathrm{mix}}_{\check{G}(\mathcal{O})}(\mathrm{Gr}, \mathbb{F}) := \mathrm{K}^b \mathrm{Parity}_{\check{G}(\mathcal{O})}(\mathrm{Gr}, \mathbb{F}) \] where \(\mathrm{Parity}(\cdots)\) stands for the additive category of parity complexes, the subscripts denote the equivariance under \(\check{G}(\mathcal{O})\), and \(\mathrm{K}^b\) corresponds to the homotopy category made from bounded complexes. It is triangulated equipped with a convolution \(\ast\) as well as a shift functor \(\langle 1 \rangle\). On the other hand, one has \(\mathrm{D}^b \mathrm{Coh}^{G \times \mathbb{G}_m}(\mathfrak{g})\) with \(G \times \mathbb{G}_m\) acting via \((g,t) \xi = t^{-2} (g\xi)\). This category also has a shift functor \(\langle 1 \rangle\) and a natural monoidal structure from \({}^L \otimes\). The Theorem 5.5.1 says that when \(\ell\) is a very good prime for \(\check{G}\), we have an equivalence \[ \Phi: D^{\mathrm{mix}}_{\check{G}(\mathcal{O})}(\mathrm{Gr}, \mathbb{F}) \to \mathrm{D}^b \mathrm{Coh}^{G \times \mathbb{G}_m}(\mathfrak{g}) \] that matches the shift functors \(\langle 1 \rangle\). The proof relies on the aforementioned result on \(\check{T}\)-equivariant cohomologies. Roughly speaking, it is reduced to constructing an equivalence between full subcategories \[ \mathrm{Parity}_{\check{G}(\mathcal{O})}(\mathrm{Gr}, \mathbb{F}) \to \mathrm{T}^{G \times \mathbb{G}_m}(\mathfrak{g}) \] with various compatibilities. The right-hand side is the full monoidal subcategory formed by coherent sheaves \(V \otimes \mathcal{O}_{\mathfrak{g}}\langle n \rangle\), where \(V \in \mathrm{Tilt}(G)\) and \(n \in \mathbb{Z}\). The equivalence maps a perverse parity sheaf \(\mathcal{F}\) to \(\mathsf{S}(\mathcal{F}) \otimes_{\mathbb{F}} \mathcal{O}_{\mathfrak{g}}\), where \(\mathsf{S}\) is the geometric Satake equivalence of Mirković-Vilonen. Apart from the main theorems, the paper also contains many details for the relevant constructions. It will serve as a useful reference in the geometric theory of modular representations.

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