Loewner's differential equation and spidernets

DOI10.1007/S11785-019-00939-6MaRDI QIDQ2279037zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 12 December 2019

Published in Complex Analysis and Operator Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.04318

chordal Loewner equation comb product Loewner chains monotone probability quantum processes spidernets

Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.) (05C50) General theory of conformal mappings (30C35) Maximum principle, Schwarz's lemma, Lindelöf principle, analogues and generalizations; subordination (30C80) Noncommutative probability and statistics (46L53)

Abstract: We regard a certain type of Loewner's differential equation from a quantum probability point of view and approximate the underlying quantum process by the adjacency matrices of growing graphs which arise from the comb product of certain spidernets.

Review text

In the paper, the Loewner differential equation is regarded from a quantum probabilistic point of view. The author finds discrete approximations via comb products of spidernets for the Loewner equation \[\frac{\partial}{\partial t}g_t(z)=\frac{1}{g_t(z)-U(t)},\;\;g_0(z)=z\in\mathbb C^+:=\{z\in\mathbb C:\text{Im}\,z>0\},\;t\geq0,\] with a continuous non-negative driving function \(U\). Also, the author considers the general Loewner equation \[\frac{\partial}{\partial t}f_t(z)=-\frac{\partial}{\partial z}f_t(z)\int_{\mathbb R}\frac{\nu_t(du)}{z-u},\;\;f_0(z)=z\in\mathbb C^+,\] where \((\nu_t)_{t\geq0}\) is a family of probability measures on \(\mathbb R\), \(\text{supp}\,\nu_t\subset[0,M]\) for all \(t\geq0\). Let \((f_t)_{t\geq0}\) be the solution to the Loewner equation. Denote by \((\mu_t)_{t\geq0}\) the probability measures with \(F_{\mu_t}=f_t\) where the \(F\)-transform \(F_{\mu}\) of \(\mu\) is the mapping \[F_\mu:\mathbb C^+\to\mathbb C^+,\;\;F_{\mu}(z):=\left(\int_{\mathbb R}\frac{\mu(du)}{z-u}\right)^{-1}.\] Let \((X_t)_{t\geq0}\) be the corresponding self-adjoint operator-valued additive monotone increment process. Denote by \(\lfloor x\rfloor\) the largest \(m\in\mathbb N_0\) with \(m\leq x\). The author approximates \((X_t)_{t\in[0,T]}\) by graphs. Theorem 5.3. Choose \(n_0\in\mathbb N\) such that \(M\leq\sqrt{T/2}(2\sqrt n-1/\sqrt{n^3})\) for all \(n\geq n_0\). There exists a family \((\mathcal D_{n,k})_{n\geq n_0,k=1,\dots,n}\) of loop-free and unweighted rooted graphs such that: \newline (a) For all \(n\geq n_0\), \((\mathcal D_{n,k})_{k=1,\dots,n}\) can be considered as graphs with common vertex set \(V_n\) and common root \(o_n\). Let \(A_{n,k}\) be the adjacency matrix of \(\mathcal D_{n,k}\). Then the increments \((A_{n,1},A_{n,2}-A_{n,1},\dots,A_{n,n}-A_{n,n-1})\) are monotonically independent with respect to the quantum probability space \((l^2(V_n),\delta_{o_n})\). \newline (b) Denote by \(\mu_{n,k}\) the distribution of \(A_{n,k}\). Then \[\lim_{n\to\infty}\mu_{n,\lfloor tn/T\rfloor}(\sqrt{2n^3/T})=\mu_t(\cdot)\] with respect to weak convergence for all \(t\in[0,T]\). The limit also holds true with respect to the convergence of all moments.

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