Collisions and spirals of Loewner traces

DOI10.1215/00127094-2010-045MaRDI QIDQ605906zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Donald E. Marshall, Steffen Rohde, Joan Lind

Publication date 15 November 2010

Published in Duke Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0901.1157

driving term Loewner equation Loewner trace self-similar curve spiral

Conformal mappings of special domains (30C20) Schwarz-Christoffel-type mappings (30C30) Special classes of univalent and multivalent functions of one complex variable (starlike, convex, bounded rotation, etc.) (30C45) Quasiconformal mappings in the complex plane (30C62)

Abstract: We analyze Loewner traces driven by functions asymptotic to Ksqrt{1-t}. We prove a stability result when K is not 4 and show that K=4 can lead to non locally connected hulls. As a consequence, we obtain a driving term lambda(t) so that the hulls driven by Klambda(t) are generated by a continuous curve for all K > 0 with K not equal to 4 but not when K = 4, so that the space of driving terms with continuous traces is not convex. As a byproduct, we obtain an explicit construction of the traces driven by Ksqrt{1-t} and a conceptual proof of the corresponding results of Kager, Nienhuis and Kadanoff, math-ph/0309006

Review text

Let \(\mathbb H\) be the upper half-plane, and let \(g_t:\mathbb H\setminus K_t\to\mathbb H\) be the solution to the Loewner equation \[ \frac{dg_t(z)}{dt}=\frac{2}{g_t(z)-\lambda(t)},\qquad g_0(z)=z, \] with a continuous real-valued driving term \(\lambda(t)\). The authors analyse the Loewner traces \(\gamma\) driven by \(\lambda\) asymptotically to \(k\sqrt{1-t}\). Theorem 5.10: If a sufficiently smooth (e.g., asymptotically conformal) Loewner trace \(\gamma[0,1]\) has a self-intersection of angle \(\pi(1-\theta)\) with \(\theta\in[0,1)\), then \[ \lim_{t\to1}\frac{\lambda(t)-\lambda(1)}{\sqrt{1-t}}=k, \] where \(k=2\sqrt{1-\theta}+2/\sqrt{1-\theta}.\) If \(\gamma\) is asymptotically similar to the logarithmic spiral \(S_{\theta}(t)=\exp(te^{i\theta})\), then this limit holds with \(k=-4\sin\theta\). For a compact set \(A\subset\mathbb H\) such that \(\big(\mathbb C\cup\{\infty\}\big)\setminus A\) is simply connected, let \(f\) be a conformal map of the unit disk \(\mathbb D\) onto \(\big(\mathbb C\cup\{\infty\}\big)\setminus A\) with \(f(0)=\infty\). Consider the curve \(v_0\) in \(\mathbb D\) given by \(v_0(t)=te^{i/(t-1)}\), \(0<t<1\). For a suitable \(t_0\), \(f\big(v_0(t)\big)\), \(t_0<t<1\), parameterizes a curve that begins in \(\mathbb R\) and winds around \(A\). Scale this curve considering the curve \(cf\circ v_0\) with an appropriate \(c\). Call the resulting curve \(v^A(t)\). A driving term \(\mu:[0,1)\to\mathbb R\) has local \(\text{Lip\,}1/2\) norm not less than \(C\) if there exists \(\delta>0\) such that \(|\mu(t)-\mu(t')|\leq C|t-t'|^{1/2}\) for all \(0\leq t<t'<1\) with \(|t-t'|<\delta(1-t)\). Proposition 5.9: For \(v=v^A\), the driving term \(\lambda=\lambda^A\) has arbitrarily small local \(\text{Lip\,}1/2\) norm. The important part of the paper is the proof of a form of stability of the self-intersection for \(\lambda(t)=k\sqrt{1-t}\). Theorem 6.1: Suppose that \[ \lim\limits_{t\to1}\frac{\lambda(t)}{\sqrt{1-t}}=k>4, \] and assume that there exists \(C<4\) such that \(\lambda\) has local \(\text{Lip\,}1/2\) norm less than \(C\). Then the trace \(\gamma[0,1]\) driven by \(\lambda\) is a Jordan arc. Moreover, \(\gamma_T(1)\in\mathbb R\) and \[ \lim_{t\to1}\arg\big(\gamma_T(t)-\gamma_T(1)\big)=\pi\frac{1-\sqrt{1-16/k^2}}{1+\sqrt{1-16/k^2}}, \] provided \(1-T\) is sufficiently small. Here \(\gamma_T\) equals \(g_T\big(\gamma[T,1]\big)\big/\sqrt{1-T}\). The method of the proof of Theorem 6.1 also applies to the case \(|k|<4\). In this case, the trace \(\gamma\) driven by \(\lambda\) is a Jordan arc, and \(\gamma\) is asymptotically similar to the logarithmic spiral at \(\gamma(1)\in\mathbb H\).

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