Basic properties of SLE

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2005.161.883MaRDI QIDQ2387155zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Steffen Rohde, Oded Schramm

Publication date 1 September 2005

Published in Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0106036

zbMATH Keywords

Brownian motionHausdorff dimensionstochastic Loewner evolution

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Stochastic ordinary differential equations (aspects of stochastic analysis) (60H10) Diffusion processes (60J60) Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, etc. in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B41)

Abstract: SLE is a random growth process based on Loewner's equation with driving parameter a one-dimensional Brownian motion running with speed $kappa$. This process is intimately connected with scaling limits of percolation clusters and with the outer boundary of Brownian motion, and is conjectured to correspond to scaling limits of several other discrete processes in two dimensions. The present paper attempts a first systematic study of SLE. It is proved that for all $kappae8$ the SLE trace is a path; for $kappain[0,4]$ it is a simple path; for $kappain(4,8)$ it is a self-intersecting path; and for $kappa>8$ it is space-filling. It is also shown that the Hausdorff dimension of the SLE trace is a.s. at most $1+kappa/8$ and that the expected number of disks of size $eps$ needed to cover it inside a bounded set is at least $ep{s}^{-(1+kappa/8)+o(1)}$ for $kappain[0,8)$ along some sequence $epso0$. Similarly, for $kappage4$, the Hausdorff dimension of the outer boundary of the SLE hull is a.s. at most $1+2/kappa$, and the expected number of disks of radius $eps$ needed to cover it is at least $ep{s}^{-(1+2/kappa)+o(1)}$ for a sequence $epso0$.

Review text

The authors study the so called stochastic Loewner evolution (SLE) which is simply a random growth process defined as follows: let \(B_{t}\) be a Brownian motion on \(\mathbb{R}\), started from \(B_{0}=0\); for \(\kappa\geq 0\) let \(\xi(t)=\sqrt{\kappa}B(t)\) and for each \(z\in\overline{\mathcal{H}}/{0}\) (where \(\overline{\mathcal{H}}\) is the closed upper half plane) let \(g_{t}(z)\) be the solution of the ordinary (stochastic!) differential equation \[ \partial_{t}g_{t}(z) =\frac{2}{g_{t}(z) -\xi(t)},\quad g_{0}(z)= z. \] The parametrized collection of maps \(\{g_{t}: t\geq 0\}\) called the chordal \(\text{SLE}_{\kappa}\) is the central object of study by the authors. The trace \(\gamma\) of \(\text{SLE}\) is defined by \(\gamma(t) = \lim_{z\to 0}\hat{f}_{t}(z)\) where \(f_{t}=g_{t}^{-1},\; \hat{f}_{t}(z)=f_{t}(z+\xi(t))\). The authors build up an elaborate set of analytical tools to establish that the trace is a simple path for \(\kappa\in[0,4]\), a self intersecting path for \(\kappa\in (4,8)\) and for \(\kappa >8\), it is a space filling. The authors also establish that the Hausdorff dimension of \(\text{SLE}_{\kappa}\) trace is almost surely at most \(1+\kappa/8\) and that the expected number of disks of size \(\varepsilon\) needed to cover it inside a bounded set is at least \(\varepsilon^{-(1+\kappa/8)+o(1)}\) for \(\kappa\in[0,8)\) along some sequence \(\varepsilon\searrow 0\). The paper concludes with a set of interesting conjectures.

Recommendations

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Cited in

(only showing first 100 items - show all)

• Exploration trees and conformal loop ensembles
• Rescaled Lévy-Loewner hulls and random growth
• Harmonic measure and SLE
• SLEs as boundaries of clusters of Brownian loops
• Critical percolation in annuli and SLE\(_6\)
• Conformal fields, restriction properties, degenerate representations and SLE.
• The Rohde-Schramm theorem via the Gaussian free field
• Dimension of the SLE light cone, the SLE Fan, and \(\mathrm{SLE}_\kappa (\rho)\) for \(\kappa \in (0,4)\) and \(\rho \in\left[\frac{\kappa}{2}-4,-2\right)\)
• Conformal restriction: the trichordal case
• Green's functions for chordal SLE curves
• Coupling the Gaussian free fields with free and with zero boundary conditions via common level lines
• Connection probabilities for conformal loop ensembles
• Imaginary geometry. IV: Interior rays, whole-plane reversibility, and space-filling trees
• Brownian motion correlation in the peanosphere for \(\kappa>8\)
• Level lines of the Gaussian free field with general boundary data
• Brownian bricklayer: a random space-filling curve
• Decomposition of backward SLE in the capacity parametrization
• Global and local multiple SLEs for 4 and connection probabilities for level lines of GFF
• Random conformal welding for finitely connected regions
• Almost sure multifractal spectrum of Schramm-Loewner evolution
• Logarithmic coefficients and generalized multifractality of whole-plane SLE
• Polychromatic arm exponents for the critical planar FK-Ising model
• Continuity of the SLE trace in simply connected domains
• Alternating arm exponents for the critical planar Ising model
• Conformal invariance of planar loop-erased random walks and uniform spanning trees.
• Stochastic Loewner evolution in doubly connected domains
• Hausdorff dimensions for SLE₆.
• Discrete Löwner evolution.
• Girsanov's transformation for \(\text{SLE}(\kappa,\rho)\) processes, intersection exponents and hiding exponents.
• Conformal loop ensembles: the Markovian characterization and the loop-soup construction
• A simple construction of Werner measure from chordal \(\mathrm{SLE}_{8/3}\)
• Almost sure multifractal spectrum for the tip of an SLE curve
• The parafermionic observable in SLE
• On the rate of convergence of loop-erased random walk to \(\mathrm{SLE}_{2}\)
• Reversed radial SLE and the Brownian loop measure
• Some remarks on SLE bubbles and Schramm's two-point observable
• Duality of chordal SLE. II
• The fractal dimension of Liouville quantum gravity: universality, monotonicity, and bounds
• Two-curve Green's function for 2-SLE: the interior case
• Critical first-passage percolation starting on the boundary
• Schramm-Loewner-evolution-type growth processes corresponding to Wess-Zumino-Witten theories
• The energy of a deterministic Loewner chain: reversibility and interpretation via SLE\(_{0+}\)
• SLE and Virasoro representations: localization
• Regularity of SLE in \((t,\kappa)\) and refined GRR estimates
• The Tutte embedding of the mated-CRT map converges to Liouville quantum gravity
• Liouville quantum gravity surfaces with boundary as matings of trees
• On the convergence of massive loop-erased random walks to massive SLE(2) curves
• Scaling limits of crossing probabilities in metric graph GFF
• Two-curve Green's function for 2-SLE: the boundary case
• Planar random-cluster model: fractal properties of the critical phase
• The quantum group dual of the first-row subcategory for the generic Virasoro VOA
• Hausdorff dimensions for shared endpoints of disjoint geodesics in the directed landscape
• Conformal welding for critical Liouville quantum gravity
• Time-reversal of multiple-force-point \(\mathrm{SLE}_{\kappa}(\underline{\rho})\) with all force points lying on the same side
• The topology of \(\mathrm{SLE}_{\kappa}\) is random for \(\kappa > 4\)
• On the GFF with one free boundary condition
• Gaussian free fields coupled with multiple SLEs driven by stochastic log-gases
• Simple conformal loop ensembles on Liouville quantum gravity
• Large deviations of Schramm-Loewner evolutions: a survey
• Boundary Green's functions and Minkowski content measure of multi-force-point SLE\(_\kappa (\underline{\rho})\)
• Perturbations of multiple Schramm-Loewner evolution with two non-colliding Dyson Brownian motions
• Crossing estimates from metric graph and discrete GFF
• An almost sure KPZ relation for SLE and Brownian motion
• A support theorem for SLE curves
• Boundary correlations in planar LERW and UST
• Gaussian free field light cones and \(\text{SLE}_{\kappa}(\rho)\)
• A multifractal boundary spectrum for \(\text{SLE}_\kappa(\rho)\)
• Large deviations of radial \(SLE_{\infty}\)
• UST branches, martingales, and multiple SLE(2)
• Topological Loewner theory on Riemann surfaces
• On the uniqueness of global multiple SLEs
• Optimal Hölder continuity and dimension properties for SLE with Minkowski content parametrization
• Liouville quantum gravity and the Brownian map. I: The \(\text{QLE}(8/3,0)\) metric
• Dimension transformation formula for conformal maps into the complement of an SLE curve
• Hypergeometric SLE: conformal Markov characterization and applications
• Interplay between Loewner and Dirichlet energies via conformal welding and flow-lines
• Multipoint estimates for radial and whole-plane SLE
• On the Brownian loop measure
• Harmonic functions on mated-CRT maps
• Equivalent descriptions of the Loewner energy
• Decomposition of Brownian loop-soup clusters
• Metric gluing of Brownian and \(\sqrt{8/3}\)-Liouville quantum gravity surfaces
• Conformal invariance of the loop-erased percolation explorer
• Reversibility of whole-plane SLE
• The coefficient problem and multifractality of whole-plane SLE \& LLE
• Harmonic explorer and its convergence to \(\text{SLE}_4\)
• On Malliavin measures, SLE, and CFT
• Active spanning trees with bending energy on planar maps and SLE-decorated Liouville quantum gravity for \(\kappa>8\)
• Restriction properties of annulus SLE
• Note on the existence and modulus of continuity of the SLE\(_8\) curve
• A fast algorithm for simulating the chordal Schramm-Loewner evolution
• On chordal and bilateral SLE in multiply connected domains
• The scaling limits of planar LERW in finitely connected domains
• \(\text{SLE}(\kappa,\rho)\) martingales and duality
• On radial stochastic Loewner evolution in multiply connected domains
• Diffusing polygons and SLE(\(\kappa,\rho\))
• Conformal restriction: the radial case
• A solution space for a system of null-state partial differential equations. I
• Ergodicity of the tip of an SLE curve
• Restricting SLE(8/3) to an annulus

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