Algebras of noncommutative functions on subvarieties of the noncommutative ball: the bounded and completely bounded isomorphism problem

between the similarity envelopes that is bi-Lipschitz with respect to the free pseudo-hyperbolic metric. Moreover, such an isomorphism always has the form

f m a p s t o f c i r c G

, where

G

is an nc biholomorphism. These results also shed some new light on automorphisms of the noncommutative analytic Toeplitz algebras

H^{i} n f t y (m a t h f r a k B_{d})

studied by Davidson--Pitts and by Popescu. In particular, we find that

o p e r a t o r n a m e A u t (H^{i} n f t y (m a t h f r a k B_{d}))

is a proper subgroup of

o p e r a t o r n a m e A u t (w i d e t i l d e {m a t h f r a k B}_{d})

. When

d < i n f t y

and the varieties are homogeneous, we remove the weak-

*

continuity assumption, showing that two such algebras are boundedly isomorphic if and only if there is a bi-Lipschitz nc biholomorphism between the similarity envelopes of the nc varieties. We provide two proofs. In the noncommutative setting, our main tool is the noncommutative spectral radius, about which we prove several new results. In the free commutative case, we use a new free commutative Nullstellensatz that allows us to bootstrap techniques from the fully commutative case.

Review text

A noncommutative variety $\mathfrak{V}$ is a graded set of row contractions that annihilates a family of bounded noncommutative holomorphic functions. There are two algebras that can be associated to $\mathfrak{V}$, the (wot-closed) algebra $H^{\infty}(\mathfrak{V})$ that consists of the bounded noncommutative functions on $\mathfrak{V}$, and the (norm-closed) algebra $A(\mathfrak{V})$ that consists of the bounded noncommutative functions which extend to uniformly continuous functions on the closure of $\mathfrak{V}$. The prototype is Popescu's noncommutative Hardy algebra obtained when the variety is the noncommutative ball. The authors have shown that algebras of noncommutative varieties model quotients of the Hardy algebra [\textit{G. Salomon} et al., Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 370, No. 12, 8639--8690 (2018; Zbl 1454.46058)]. In the paper under review, the authors provide rigidity results for the algebra $H^{\infty}(\mathfrak{V})$ in connection to the similarity envelope $\widetilde{\mathfrak{V}}$ of $\mathfrak{V}$, i.e., the orbit of $\mathfrak{V}$ by similarities. They show that, if $\mathfrak{V}$ and $\mathfrak{W}$ are homogeneous noncommutative varieties, then $H^{\infty}(\mathfrak{V})$ and $H^{\infty}(\mathfrak{W})$ are weak$*$-continuously isomorphic if and only if their similarity envelopes $\widetilde{\mathfrak{V}}$ and $\widetilde{\mathfrak{W}}$ are isomorphic by a bi-Lipschitz noncommutative biholomorphism. The Lipschitz condition here is taken with respect to a free pseudo-hyperbolic distance on the similarity envelope of the closed noncommutative ball that measures the difference between point evaluations. They further show that being weak*-isomorphic is equivalent to being isomorphic as topological algebras or as operator algebras, while the varieties being bi-Lipschitz biholomorphic is equivalent to being bi-Lipschitz linearly isomorphic, and the free pseudo-hyperbolic distance can be substituted by a completely bounded version. In addition, they show that the isomorphism between the algebras is actually strong, in the sense that it is obtained by a precomposition with a bi-Lipschitz noncommutative biholomorphism. Similar results are obtained for the algebras $A(\mathfrak{V})$ and $A(\mathfrak{W})$ and the similarity envelopes of the closures of the varieties. In the process, the authors develop interesting tools that help in the study of noncommutative functions and ``commutative noncommutative varieties. These include a noncommutative analogue of Schwarz's Lemma and a certain type of Nullstellensatz. A detailed study is devoted to the family of noncommutative varieties determined by the $q$-commutation relations.

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