Singular limits for models of selection and mutations with heavy-tailed mutation distribution

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2019.10.001MaRDI QIDQ2286495zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Sepideh Mirrahimi

Publication date 22 January 2020

Published in Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.10475

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic analysisfractional reaction-diffusion equationHamilton-Jacobi equationnonlocal reaction termviscosity solutions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) PDEs in connection with biology, chemistry and other natural sciences (35Q92) Integro-differential operators (47G20) Viscosity solutions to Hamilton-Jacobi equations in optimal control and differential games (49L25) Problems related to evolution (92D15)

Abstract: In this article, we perform an asymptotic analysis of a nonlocal reaction-diffusion equation, with a fractional laplacian as the diffusion term and with a nonlocal reaction term. Such equation models the evolutionary dynamics of a phenotypically structured population. We perform a rescaling considering large time and small effect of mutations, but still with algebraic law. We prove that asymptotically the phenotypic distribution density concentrates as a Dirac mass which evolves in time. This work extends an approach based on Hamilton-Jacobi equations with constraint, that has been developed to study models from evolutionary biology, to the case of fat-tailed mutation kernels. However, unlike previous works within this approach, the WKB transformation of the solution does not converge to a viscosity solution of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation but to a viscosity supersolution of such equation which is minimal in a certain class of supersolutions.

Review text

This article presents the model of selection-mutation \[ \begin{cases} \partial_tn+(-\Delta)^\alpha n=n R(x,I) \\ n(x,0)=n^0(x), \quad x\in\mathbb{R}^d \end{cases} \] where \[ I(t)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}n(t,x)dx \] and hence the reaction term $R$ is nonlocal. The term $(-\Delta)^\alpha$ denotes the fractional Laplacian \[ (-\Delta)^\alpha n(t,x)=\int_{h\in\mathbb{R}^d}\frac{n(t,x)-n(t,x+h)}{|h|^{d+2\alpha}} dh. \] The author undertakes a (biologically relevant) rescaling of the equations with the view of examining a concentration phenomenon with an extended Hamilton-Jacobi approach that was previously developed for mutation kernels possessing fat-tails. These mutation kernels arise after the relevant rescaling. The asymptotic analysis on such evolutionary biological models, and the subsequent concentration phenomena, entails using mutation kernels with small variance (the tails are algebraic but with a large power). In the setting presented here, the ``WKB transformation of the solution does not converge to a viscosity solution of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation, but to a viscosity super-solution of such equation which is minimal in a certain class of super-solutions. The concentration of the population density as an evolving Dirac mass is established under a monotony condition on the growth rate. The results here generalize some of those in [\textit{E. Bouin} et al., SIAM J. Math. Anal. 50, No. 3, 3365--3394 (2018; Zbl 1403.45001)].

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Cited in

(13)

• Diffusive limit to a selection-mutation equation with small mutation formulated on the space of measures
• Non-local competition slows down front acceleration during dispersal evolution
• Selection-mutation dynamics with asymmetrical reproduction kernels
• Ancestral lineages in mutation selection equilibria with moving optimum
• Asymptotic analysis of a quantitative genetics model with nonlinear integral operator
• Dirac concentrations in a chemostat model of adaptive evolution
• Concentration in the nonlocal Fisher equation: the Hamilton-Jacobi limit
• Asymptotic analysis of selection-mutation models in the presence of multiple fitness peaks
• The Cauchy problem for the infinitesimal model in the regime of small variance
• Symmetry of propagation of Fisher-KPP equations: random dispersal v.s. nonlocal dispersal
• A Hamilton-Jacobi approach to neural field equations
• Asymptotic profile in selection-mutation equations: Gauss versus Cauchy distributions
• Concentration in Lotka-Volterra parabolic or integral equations: a general convergence result

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