Global hypoellipticity for a class of periodic Cauchy operators

In the paper under review, the author considers the global hypoellipticity problem for operators on \({\mathbb T}^{n+1}\) belonging to the class \(L=\prod_{j=1}^m(D_t+c_j(t)P(D_x))\) for \((t,x)\in {\mathbb T}\times {\mathbb T}^n\), where \(P_j(D_x)u(x)=\sum_{\xi\in\mathbb{Z}^n}e^{ix\cdot\xi}p_j(\xi)\hat{u}(\xi)\) are pseudo-differential operators on \({\mathbb T}^n\) with \(p_j(\xi)=\alpha_j(\xi)+i\beta_j(\xi)\) and \(c_j(t)=a_j(t)+ib_j(t)\) are smooth complex-valued functions on \({\mathbb T}\). The main result of this investigation consists in establishing connections between the global hypoellipticity of the operator \(L\) and its normal form \(L_0 = \prod_{j=1}^m (D_t + c_{0,j}P_j(D_x))\), where \( c_{0,j}=(2\pi)^{-1}\int_0^{2\pi}c_j(t)dt\). Precisely, the author first studies the constant coefficients operators belonging to the class \(L =\prod_{j=1}^m (D_t + \alpha_jP_j(D_x))\) for \((t,x)\in {\mathbb T}^{n+1}\), with \(\alpha_j \in \mathbb C\), and provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the global hypoellipticity of \(L\) in terms of the symbol \(L(\eta,\xi)\). Then the author treats the case of variable coefficients, showing under the assumption \([L_j,L_k]=0\) for \(j, k=1,\dots, m\) that \(L\) is globally hypoelliptic if and only if every \(L_k\) is globally hypoelliptic and that, if \(L\) is globally hypoelliptic, then \(L_0\) is globally hypoelliptic. Furthermore, under the hypothesis that for every \(j=0,\dots, m\) there exists \(\eta_j>0\) such that \( a_j(t)\beta_j(\xi) + b_j(t)\alpha_j(\xi)\geq -\eta_j\) for \(t\in\mathbb T\) and \(\xi\in {\mathbb Z}^n\), it is established that, if \(L_0\) is globally hypoelliptic, then \(L\) is globally hypoelliptic.

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