Generalized greatest common divisors for orbits under rational functions

DOI10.1007/S00605-019-01350-1MaRDI QIDQ2287883zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Keping Huang

Publication date 22 January 2020

Published in Monatshefte für Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.03881

zbMATH Keywords

arithmetic dynamicsgreatest common divisorVojta's conjecture

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Diophantine inequalities (11D75) Varieties over global fields (11G35) Diophantine inequalities (11J25) Arithmetic ground fields (finite, local, global) and families or fibrations (14D10) Global ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G25)

Abstract: Assume Vojta's Conjecture. Suppose $$, and $f(x),g(x)inmathbbZ[x]$ are polynomials of degree $dge2$. Assume that the sequence $(f^{circn}(a),g^{circn}(b){)}_n$ is generic and $$ are not exceptional for $f,g$ respectively, we prove that for each given $varepsilon>0$, there exists constant $$, such that for all $nge1$, we have ${\displaystyle }$gcd(f^{circ n}(a)-alpha, g^{circ n}(b) -�eta) le Ccdotexp({varepsiloncdot d^n}). ${\displaystyle }$ We prove an estimate for rational functions and for a more general gcd and then obtain the above inequality as a consequence.

Review text

The article under review studies the greatest common divisor of iterates of polynomials evaluated at integers. This line of results originated by the following result obtained by Bugeaud, Corvaja and Zannier in [\textit{Y. Bugeaud} et al., Math. Z. 243, No. 1, 79--84 (2003; Zbl 1021.11001)]: Given two multiplicatively independent integers \(a,b \geq 2\) and \(\varepsilon > 0\) there exists \(N = N(a,b,\varepsilon)\) such that \[ \gcd(a^n - 1, b^n -1) \leq \exp(\varepsilon n) \] for all \(n \geq N\). \textit{J. H. Silverman} in [Monatsh. Math. 145, No. 4, 333--350 (2005; Zbl 1197.11070)] observed that \(\gcd\) result as the one above are strictly linked to Vojta's conjecture. In particular he showed that the \(\gcd\) in Bugeaud, Corvaja and Zannier's result [loc. cit.], can be interpreted as a height function with respect to the exceptional divisor on the blow-up of the affine plane at the origin. Furthermore, he showed how, assuming Vojta's conjecture on suitable blowups, one can obtain similar estimate for the gcd in more general contexts. The author consider the situation in which the power map is replaced by a more general iteration of polynomials. He proves an analogue of Silverman estimates for the gcd of the iterates under suitable genericity hypotheses, conditional on Vojta's conjecture on a specific blow up of \(\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{P}^1\). The main result of the paper is the following Theorem. Assume Vojta's Conjecture for blowups of \(\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{P}^1\). Suppose \(a, b, \alpha, \beta \in \mathbb{Z}\), and that \(f(x), g(x) \in \mathbb{Z}[x]\) are polynomials of degree \(d \geq 2\). Assume that \(\alpha,\beta\) are not exceptional for \(f , g\) respectively. Assume that the sequence \(( f^{\circ n} (a), g^{\circ n} (b))_n\) is generic in \(\mathbb{Q}^2\) (i.e. is not contained in a proper closed subvariety). Then given \(\varepsilon > 0\), there exists a constant \(C = C(\varepsilon,a,b,\alpha,\beta, f,g) > 0\), such that for all \(n \geq 1\), we have \[ \gcd( f^{\circ n}(a) - \alpha, g^{\circ n}(b) - \beta) \leq C \cdot \exp(\varepsilon \cdot d^n). \] The idea behind the proof is to follow Silverman's approach; however there are three main difficulties that appear in the case of the previous theorem. The first is that the blow up involved is centered at a Zariski closed subset, instead of a subvariety like in Silverman's results, which depends on \(\varepsilon\). The second is that for general rational function iterates, the numerator of the iterates might not be the iterate of a polynomial. Finally one needs to control the degree of ramification of the maps.

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Cited in

(12)

• Greatest common divisors and Vojta's conjecture for blowups of algebraic tori
• Greatest common divisors of analytic functions and Nevanlinna theory on algebraic tori
• Greatest common divisors of iterates of polynomials
• Generalized greatest common divisors, divisibility sequences, and Vojta's conjecture for blowups
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• Greatest common divisors of u-1, v-1 in positive characteristic and rational points on curves over finite fields
• Asymptotic gcd and divisible sequences for entire functions
• The size of semigroup orbits modulo primes
• A finiteness result for common zeros of iterates of rational functions
• Around the support problem for Hilbert class polynomials
• Hénon maps: a list of open problems
• Prime numbers and dynamics of the polynomial x^2 - 1

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