Tree-grass interaction dynamics and pulsed fires: mathematical and numerical studies

DOI10.1016/J.APM.2016.01.019zbMATH Open1465.92141arXiv1504.07969OpenAlexW2261162066WikidataQ57082213 ScholiaQ57082213MaRDI QIDQ2291019FDOQ2291019

P. Couteron, Y. Dumont, Samuel Bowong, A. Tchuinté Tamen, Jean Jules Tewa

Publication date: 29 January 2020

Published in: Applied Mathematical Modelling (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Savannas are dynamical systems where grasses and trees can either dominate or coexist. Fires are known to be central in the functioning of the savanna biome though their characteristics are expected to vary along the rainfall gradients as observed in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, we model the tree-grass dynamics using impulsive differential equations that consider fires as discrete events. This framework allows us to carry out a comprehensive qualitative mathematical analysis that revealed more diverse possible outcomes than the analogous continuous model. We investigated local and global properties of the equilibria and show that various states exist for the physiognomy of vegetation. Though several abrupt shifts between vegetation states appeared determined by fire periodicity, we showed that direct shading of grasses by trees is also an influential process embodied in the model by a competition parameter leading to bifurcations. Relying on a suitable nonstandard finite difference scheme, we carried out numerical simulations in reference to three main climatic zones as observable in Central Africa.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1504.07969

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zbMATH Keywords

bifurcationnonstandard numerical schemesavannafiresimpulsive differential equations (IDE)tree-grass competition

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Ecology (92D40) Ordinary differential equations with impulses (34A37) Global stability of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D23) Finite difference and finite volume methods for ordinary differential equations (65L12)

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Cited In (8)

• A model for random fire induced tree-grass coexistence in savannas
• A Model of Seasonal Savanna Dynamics
• Impulsive fire disturbance in a savanna model: tree-grass coexistence states, multiple stable system states, and resilience
• Spreading speeds and traveling waves for monotone systems of impulsive reaction-diffusion equations: application to tree-grass interactions in fire-prone savannas
• Pattern Dynamical Behaviors of One Type of Tree-Grass Model with Cross-Diffusion
• Spatial self-organisation enables species coexistence in a model for savanna ecosystems
• Continuation of fixed points and bifurcations from ODE to flow-kick disturbance models
• Finite-time stability and optimal control of an impulsive stochastic reaction-diffusion vegetation-water system driven by Lévy process with time-varying delay

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