A fountain of positive bubbles on a Coron's problem for a competitive weakly coupled gradient system

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Publication:2296331



Abstract: We consider the following critical elliptic system: �egin{equation*} �egin{cases} -Delta u_i=mu_i u_i^{3}+�eta u_i^{ } sumlimits_{j eq i} u_j^{2} quad hbox{in} Omega_varepsilon \ u_i=0 hbox{ on } partialOmega_varepsilon , qquad u_i>0 hbox{ in } Omega_varepsilon end{cases}qquad i=1,ldots, m, end{equation*} in a domain OmegavarepsilonsubsetmathbbR4 with a small shrinking hole Bvarepsilon(xi0). For mui>0, , and varepsilon>0 small, we prove the existence of a non-synchronized solution which looks like a fountain of positive bubbles, i.e. each component ui exhibits a towering blow-up around xi0 as varepsilono0. The proof is based on the Ljapunov-Schmidt reduction method, and the velocity of concentration of each layer within a given tower is chosen in such a way that the interaction between bubbles of different components balance the interaction of the first bubble of each component with the boundary of the domain, and in addition is dominant when compared with the interaction of two consecutive bubbles of the same component.


Let \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^4\) be a bounded domain, symmetric with respect to one of its points \(\xi_0\in\Omega\), and let \(\Omega_{\varepsilon}=\Omega\setminus \overline{B_{\varepsilon}(\xi_0)}\) be a domain with a hole. This paper deals with the critical elliptic system: \[ \begin{cases} -\Delta u_i=\mu_iu_i^3+\beta u_i\sum_{j\neq i}u_j^2\quad\text{in}\;\,\Omega_{\varepsilon},\quad i=1,\cdots,m,\\ u_i=0\;\text{on}\;\,\partial\Omega_\varepsilon,\quad u_i>0\;\text{in}\;\,\Omega_{\varepsilon}, \end{cases}\tag{1} \] where \(\mu_i>0\) and \(\beta<0\). In [\textit{A. Pistoia} and \textit{N. Soave}, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 116, No. 1, 33--67 (2018; Zbl 1390.35068)], the existence of non-synchronized solutions for a more general system was proved when the underlying domain has at least two small holes, and the following natural question remained open: if the domain has only one small hole, is it still possible to find a non-synchronized solution? In this paper, the authors give a positive answer to this question for the special system (1). More precisely, by applying the Ljapunov-Schmidt reduction method, they prove that for \(\varepsilon>0\) small, (1) has a solution (symmetric with respect to \(\xi_0\)) which look like a fountain of bubbles, namely their components are a superposition of bubbles centered at \(\xi_0\) with different rates of concentration.



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