Numerical comparison of mass-conservative schemes for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation

DOI10.3934/KRM.2019048zbMATH Open1434.65183arXiv1804.10547OpenAlexW2974465828MaRDI QIDQ2297614FDOQ2297614

Authors: Patrick Henning, Johan Wärnegård 

Publication date: 20 February 2020

Published in: Kinetic and Related Models (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper we present a numerical comparison of various mass-conservative discretizations for the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We have three main objectives. First, we want to clarify how purely mass-conservative methods perform compared to methods that are additionally energy-conservative or symplectic. Second, we shall compare the accuracy of energy-conservative and symplectic methods among each other. Third, we will investigate if a linearized energy-conserving method suffers from a loss of accuracy compared to an approach which requires to solve a full nonlinear problem in each time-step. In order to obtain a representative comparison, our numerical experiments cover different physically relevant test cases, such as traveling solitons, stationary multi-solitons, Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice and vortex pattern in a rapidly rotating superfluid. We shall also consider a computationally severe test case involving a pseudo Mott insulator. Our space discretization is based on finite elements throughout the paper. We will also give special attention to long time behavior and possible coupling conditions between time-step sizes and mesh sizes. The main observation of this paper is that mass conservation alone will not lead to a competitive method in complex settings. Furthermore, energy-conserving and symplectic methods are both reliable and accurate, yet, the energy-conservative schemes achieve a visibly higher accuracy in our test cases. Finally, the scheme that performs best throughout our experiments is an energy-conserving relaxation scheme with linear time-stepping proposed by C. Besse (SINUM,42(3):934--952,2004).

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.10547

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zbMATH Keywords

finite elementsGross-Pitaevskii equationnumerical comparisonconservative schemesnonlinear Schrödinger equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Complexity and performance of numerical algorithms (65Y20) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Soliton solutions (35C08) Time-dependent Schrödinger equations and Dirac equations (35Q41) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Method of lines for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M20) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M60) Numerical methods for Hamiltonian systems including symplectic integrators (65P10) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Statistical mechanics of superconductors (82D55) Statistical mechanics of superfluids (82D50)

Cited In (11)

• Shadow Lagrangian dynamics for superfluidity
• Superconvergence of time invariants for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation
• COMPARISON OF FINITE‐DIFFERENCE SCHEMES FOR THE GROSS‐PITAEVSKII EQUATION
• Operator-compensation methods with mass and energy conservation for solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation
• Error Estimation of the Relaxation Finite Difference Scheme for the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
• Arbitrarily high-order structure-preserving schemes for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with angular momentum rotation
• Convergence of exponential Lawson-multistep methods for the MCTDHF equations
• A note on optimal \(H^1\)-error estimates for Crank-Nicolson approximations to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
• Numerical homogenization beyond scale separation
• A two level approach for simulating Bose-Einstein condensates by localized orthogonal decomposition
• Error estimation of the Besse relaxation scheme for a semilinear heat equation

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