Aspects of Hecke symmetry: anomalies, curves, and chazy equations

DOI10.3842/SIGMA.2020.001MaRDI QIDQ2297935zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors S. K. Ashok, Dileep P. Jatkar, Madhusudhan Raman

Publication date 20 February 2020

Published in SIGMA. Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.07919

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zbMATH Keywords

chazy equationsHecke groupsPainlevé analysis

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Automorphic forms, one variable (11F12) Other functions coming from differential, difference and integral equations (33E30) Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55)

Abstract: We study various relations governing quasi-automorphic forms associated to discrete subgroups of $mSL(2,mathbbR)$ called Hecke groups. We show that the Eisenstein series associated to a Hecke group $mH(m)$ satisfy a set of $m$ coupled linear differential equations, which are natural analogues of the well-known Ramanujan identities for quasi-modular forms of $mSL(2,mathbbZ)$. Each Hecke group is then associated to a (hyper-)elliptic curve, whose coefficients are determined by an anomaly equation. For the $m=3$ and $4$ cases, the Ramanujan identities admit a natural geometric interpretation as a Gauss-Manin connection on the parameter space of the elliptic curve. The Ramanujan identities also allow us to associate a nonlinear differential equation of order $m$ to each Hecke group. These equations are higher-order analogues of the Chazy equation, and we show that they are solved by the quasi-automorphic Eisenstein series $E_2^{(m)}$ associated to $mH(m)$ and its orbit under the Hecke group. We conclude by demonstrating that these nonlinear equations possess the Painlev'e property.

Review text

The authors study some properties of the quasi-automorphic forms for the Hecke groups \(H(m)\) with finite heights \(m\). In particular, they assign to each of the Hecke group \(H(m)\) an algebraic curve whose coefficients \(A^{(m)}_k\) are quasi-automorphic forms. The authors derive an anomaly equation that determines these coefficients and that depends on the quasi-automorphic Eisenstein series \(E^{(m)}_2\). The authors also find that the Eisenstein series \(E^{(m)}_{2 k}\)satisfy a system of \(m\) coupled linear differential equations, that play the part of Ramanujan identities. In the cases of \(m=3\) and \(m=4\), extending some previous results for the modular group, they give a geometric interpretation to these Ramanujan identities in the sense of Gauss-Manin connection on the parameter space of the elliptic curves. Using Ramanujan identities, the authors derive nonlinear ordinary differential equations of order \(m\), that are satisfied by the Eisenstein series \(E^{(m)}_2\) associated to the Hecke groups \(H(m)\), as well as by all \(H(m)\) orbits of \(E^{(m)}_2\). It turns out that these equations of order \(m\) are higher-order analogues of the Chazy equation and possess the Painlevé property.

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Cited in

(3)

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