Nonlinear differential equations satisfied by certain classical modular forms
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Elliptic integrals as hypergeometric functions (33C75) Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55) Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms (11F30) Automorphic forms, one variable (11F12) Theta series; Weil representation; theta correspondences (11F27)
Abstract: A unified treatment is given of low-weight modular forms on Gamma_0(N), N=2,3,4, that have Eisenstein series representations. For each N, certain weight-1 forms are shown to satisfy a coupled system of nonlinear differential equations, which yields a single nonlinear third-order equation, called a generalized Chazy equation. As byproducts, a table of divisor function and theta identities is generated by means of q-expansions, and a transformation law under Gamma_0(4) for the second complete elliptic integral is derived. More generally, it is shown how Picard-Fuchs equations of triangle subgroups of PSL(2,R) which are hypergeometric equations, yield systems of nonlinear equations for weight-1 forms, and generalized Chazy equations. Each triangle group commensurable with Gamma(1) is treated.
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