Cell size, mechanical tension, and GTPase signaling in the single cell
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Abstract: Cell polarization requires redistribution of specific proteins to the nascent front and back of a eukarytotic cell. Among these proteins are Rac and Rho, members of the small GTPase family that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Rac promotes actin assembly and protrusion of the front edge, whereas Rho activates myosin-driven contraction at the back. Mathematical models of cell polarization at many levels of detail have appeared. One of the simplest based on "wave-pinning", consists of a pair of reaction-diffusion equations for a single GTPase. Mathematical analysis of wave-pinning so far is largely restricted to static domains in one spatial dimension. Here we extend the analysis to cells that change in size, showing that both shrinking and growing cells can lose polarity. We further consider the feedback between mechanical tension, GTPase activation, and cell deformation in both static, growing, shrinking, and moving cells. Special cases (spatially uniform cell chemistry, absence or presence of mechanical feedback) are analyzed, and the full model is explored by simulations in 1D. We find a variety of novel behaviors, including "dilution-induced" oscillations of Rac activity and cell size, as well as gain or loss of polarization and motility in the model cell.
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Cites work
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 42093 (Why is no real title available?)
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(10)- A mechanochemical model for rho GTPase mediated cell polarization
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- Pattern Formation Inside Living Cells
- Mathematical model for spatial segregation of the rho-family gtpases based on inhibitory crosstalk
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- Spots, stripes, and spiral waves in models for static and motile cells. GTPase patterns in cells
- Control of diffusion-driven pattern formation behind a wave of competency
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