Regular dessins d'enfants with dicyclic group of automorphisms

odd there are exactly two of them. All of them are produced on very well known hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces. We observe, for each of these cases, that the isotypical decomposition, induced by the action of

G_{n}

, of its jacobian variety has only one component. If

n

is even, then the action is purely-non-free, that is, every element acts with fixed points. In the case

n

odd, the action is not purely-non-free in one of the actions and purely non-free for the other.

Review text

The present paper collects a series of results on the actions of the dicyclic groups \(G_n\) on Riemann surfaces. For \(n \geq 2\), the dicyclic group \(G_n\) of order \(4n\) has a presentation by generators and relations given by \(\langle x, y | x^{2n}=1, x^n=y^2, yxy^{-1}=x^{-1} \rangle\). Firstly, in Section 2.1 the authors consider the action of \(G_n\) as a group of conformal automorphisms of a Riemann surface. The lowest genus of such a surface for a given group \(G\) is called the strong symmetric genus \(\sigma^0(G)\). For \(G_n\), it was proved by \textit{C. L. May} and \textit{J. Zimmerman} in [J. Group Theory 3, 233--245 (2000; Zbl 1011.57006)] that \(\sigma^0(G_n)\) is \(n\) for \(n\) even, and \(n-1\) for \(n\) odd. Those actions are triangular with signature \((2n,4,4)\) and \((n,4,4)\) respectively. The authors prove that those actions correspond to hyperelliptic surfaces \(S_n\), defined by \(w^2 = z(z^{2n}-1)\), and, only for \(n\) odd, the Accola-Maclachlan surfaces \(R_n\), defined by \(w^2 = z^{2n}-1\). These actions are unique, and these are the only hyperelliptic surfaces of genus \(g > 3\) with more than \(8(g-1)\) conformal and anticonformal automorphisms, obtained by \textit{E. Bujalance} et al. in [Kodai Math. J. 10, 174--181 (1987; Zbl 0633.20030)]. On the other hand, a conformal action of a group is said purely-non-free if every element acts with fixed points. The pure symmetric genus \(\sigma _p (G)\) ia defined as the lowest genus of a surface on which \(G\) acts in a purely-non-free way. Since the action on the surface \(S_n\) is purely-non-free, while that on \(R_n\) is not, this implies that \(\sigma _p (G_n) = n\). Then, in Section 2.2, the authors consider the hyperbolic genus \(\sigma ^{\mathrm{hyp}} (G_n) \geq 2\) defined as the lowest genus of a Riemann surface on which \(G_n\) acts as a group of automorphisms containing anticonformal elements. In Theorem 2.4 it is proved that \(\sigma ^{\mathrm{hyp}} (G_n)\) is \(n+1\) for \(n\) even, and \(2(n-1)\) for \(n\) odd. Finally, in Section 2.3, the authors deal with pseudo-real surfaces, those admitting anticonformal automorphisms but not anticonformal involutions. For each \(g \geq 2\), a pseudo-real surface of genus \((n(2q-1)-1)(2n-1)\) having \(G_n\) as the full group of conformal and anticonformal automorphisms is obtained in Theorem 2.6.

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