Regular dessins d'enfants with dicyclic group of automorphisms (Q2301893)

The present paper collects a series of results on the actions of the dicyclic groups \(G_n\) on Riemann surfaces. For \(n \geq 2\), the dicyclic group \(G_n\) of order \(4n\) has a presentation by generators and relations given by \(\langle x, y | x^{2n}=1, x^n=y^2, yxy^{-1}=x^{-1} \rangle\). Firstly, in Section 2.1 the authors consider the action of \(G_n\) as a group of conformal automorphisms of a Riemann surface. The lowest genus of such a surface for a given group \(G\) is called the strong symmetric genus \(\sigma^0(G)\). For \(G_n\), it was proved by \textit{C. L. May} and \textit{J. Zimmerman} in [J. Group Theory 3, 233--245 (2000; Zbl 1011.57006)] that \(\sigma^0(G_n)\) is \(n\) for \(n\) even, and \(n-1\) for \(n\) odd. Those actions are triangular with signature \((2n,4,4)\) and \((n,4,4)\) respectively. The authors prove that those actions correspond to hyperelliptic surfaces \(S_n\), defined by \(w^2 = z(z^{2n}-1)\), and, only for \(n\) odd, the Accola-Maclachlan surfaces \(R_n\), defined by \(w^2 = z^{2n}-1\). These actions are unique, and these are the only hyperelliptic surfaces of genus \(g > 3\) with more than \(8(g-1)\) conformal and anticonformal automorphisms, obtained by \textit{E. Bujalance} et al. in [Kodai Math. J. 10, 174--181 (1987; Zbl 0633.20030)]. On the other hand, a conformal action of a group is said purely-non-free if every element acts with fixed points. The pure symmetric genus \(\sigma _p (G)\) ia defined as the lowest genus of a surface on which \(G\) acts in a purely-non-free way. Since the action on the surface \(S_n\) is purely-non-free, while that on \(R_n\) is not, this implies that \(\sigma _p (G_n) = n\). Then, in Section 2.2, the authors consider the hyperbolic genus \(\sigma ^{\mathrm{hyp}} (G_n) \geq 2\) defined as the lowest genus of a Riemann surface on which \(G_n\) acts as a group of automorphisms containing anticonformal elements. In Theorem 2.4 it is proved that \(\sigma ^{\mathrm{hyp}} (G_n)\) is \(n+1\) for \(n\) even, and \(2(n-1)\) for \(n\) odd. Finally, in Section 2.3, the authors deal with pseudo-real surfaces, those admitting anticonformal automorphisms but not anticonformal involutions. For each \(g \geq 2\), a pseudo-real surface of genus \((n(2q-1)-1)(2n-1)\) having \(G_n\) as the full group of conformal and anticonformal automorphisms is obtained in Theorem 2.6.