A space with no unconditional basis that satisfies the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma

Asymptotic theory of Banach spaces (46B06) Banach sequence spaces (46B45) Interpolation between normed linear spaces (46B70) Homological methods in functional analysis (exact sequences, right inverses, lifting, etc.) (46M18)

Review text

The Johnson-Lindenstrauss (JL) lemma in the title means that, for each finite set of points \(x_1, \dots, x_n \in X\), there is a linear subspace \(F\subset X\) of dimension \(O(\log n)\) and a linear map \(L: X\to F\) such that \[\|x_i-x_j\| \leq \|L(x_i) - L(x_j)\|\leq C\|x_i - x_j\|.\] This is a technical result proved by \textit{W. B. Johnson} and \textit{J. Lindenstrauss} [Contemp. Math. 26, 189--206 (1984; Zbl 0539.46017)] for Hilbert spaces and quite useful in applications, which fostered the interest in finding non-Hilbert spaces satisfying the JL lemma. So far, it seems that the only positive result was obtained by \textit{W. B. Johnson} and \textit{A. Naor} [Discrete Comput. Geom. 43, No. 3, 542--553 (2010; Zbl 1196.46013)], showing that Tsirelson's \(2\)-convexification space \(\mathscr T_2\) also satisfies the JL lemma. On the line of spaces ``close to Hilbert spaces, one encounters twisted Hilbert spaces: Banach spaces \(X\) that admit a Hilbert subspace \(H\) so that \(X/H\) is also a Hilbert space. Twisted Hilbert (non-Hilbert) spaces exist [\textit{P. Enflo} et al., Math. Scand. 36, 199--210 (1975; Zbl 0314.46015)] and can be generated in different ways. In this paper, the author shows that the twisted Hilbert space \(Z(\mathscr T_2)\), generated by complex interpolation with respect to the pair \((\mathscr T_2, \mathscr T_2^*)\), following \textit{N. J. Kalton} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 333, No. 2, 479--529 (1992; Zbl 0776.46033)], also satisfies the JL lemma, which is surprising, although not as much as the fact, proved by the author [``A weak Hilbert space that is a twisted Hilbert space, J. Inst. Math. Jussieu (to appear), \url{https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474748018000221}], that \(Z(\mathscr T_2)\) is a weak Hilbert space. As any nontrivial twisted Hilbert space, \(Z(\mathscr T_2)\) cannot have an unconditional basis [\textit{N. J. Kalton}, J. Inst. Math. Jussieu 2, No. 3, 401--408 (2003; Zbl 1035.46007)], and this explains the title of the paper. All this ranks \(Z(\mathscr T_2)\) as a quite exotic exotic Banach space it is the first known \begin{itemize} \item twisted Hilbert space that is weak Hilbert, \item space without unconditional basis and satisfying the JL lemma. \end{itemize} The author also struggles in the paper with the idea that \(Z(\mathscr T_2)\) could also be the first non-Hilbert space that is locally self dual (LSD), in the language of \textit{V. Mascioni} [Houston J. Math. 19, No. 1, 27--38 (1993; Zbl 0785.46010)], namely, that all finite-dimensional subspaces are \(C\)-isomorphic to their duals for some prefixed \(C\). What the author actually shows is that \(Z(\mathscr T_2)\) is ``asymptotically LSD.

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