Index pairings for R^n-actions and Rieffel deformations

Abstract: With an action

a l p h a

of

m a t h b b R^{n}

on a

C^{*}

-algebra

A

and a skew-symmetric

n i m e s n

matrix

T h e t a

one can consider the Rieffel deformation

A_{T} h e t a

of

A

, which is a

C^{*}

-algebra generated by the

a l p h a

-smooth elements of

A

with a new multiplication. The purpose of this paper is to obtain explicit formulas for

K

-theoretical quantities defined by elements of

A_{T} h e t a

. We assume that there is a densely defined trace on

A

, invariant under the action. We give an explicit realization of Thom class in

K K

in any dimension

n

, and use it in the index pairings. When

n

is odd, for example, we give a formula for the index of operators of the form

P p i^{T} h e t a (u) P

, where

p i^{T} h e t a (u)

is the operator of left Rieffel multiplication by an invertible element

u

over the unitization of

A

, and

P

is projection onto the nonnegative eigenspace of a Dirac operator constructed from the action

a l p h a

. The results are new also for the undeformed case

T h e t a = 0

. The construction relies on two approaches to Rieffel deformations in addition to Rieffel's original one: "Kasprzak deformation" and "warped convolution". We end by outlining potential applications in mathematical physics.

Review text

The paper is devoted to the study of \(K\)-theoritical aspects of \(C^{*}\)-dynamical systems. In the first part of the article, the author considers \(C^{*}\)-dynamical systems \((A,\mathbb{R}^{n},\alpha)\), with crossed product \(B= A \rtimes_{ \alpha } \mathbb{R}^{n}\), and works out representatives of the Thom class \(\mathbf{t}_{ \alpha }\in KK^{j}(A,B)\), \( j = n \mod 2\). The Thom class \(\mathbf{t}_{ \alpha }\) was defined in [\textit{T. Fack} and \textit{G. Skandalis}, Invent. Math. 64, 7--14 (1981; Zbl 0482.46043)] explicitely for \(n=1\) and by induction for arbitrary \(n\), in order to continue the study of the Connes' Thom isomorphism [\textit{A. Connes}, Adv. Math. 39, 31--55 (1981; Zbl 0461.46043)] in bivariant \(K\)-theory. In the present paper, letting \(A\) be faithfully represented in a Hilbert space \(\mathfrak{H}\), the explicit representatives are obtained by considering the selfadjoint generators \(D_{\ell}\), \(\ell= 1,\ldots,n\), of the group of unitaries associated with \( \alpha \) together with the generators of the Clifford algebra \(\mathbb{C}_{n}\) in order to create a Dirac like operator \(D\). Using the bounded transform, the sign and the spectral projection on \([0,+\infty[\) of \(D\), the author obtains the desired Kasparov \(A\)-\(B\)-bimodules representing \(\mathbf{t}_{ \alpha }\). Also, in the odd case, the Thom element is identified with the Kasparov element of a suitable Toeplitz extension. Next, given an \( \alpha \)-invariant trace \(\tau\) on \(A\), the author selects a local \(*\)-subalgebra \(\mathcal{C}\subset A\) yielding a spectral triple \((\mathcal{C},\mathcal{H},D)\) of dimension \(n\) that also provides an unbounded representative of the Thom class \(\mathbf{t}_{ \alpha }\). This finite summable spectral triple has a Chern character \(\mathrm{Ch}(\mathcal{C},\mathcal{H},D)\) in the cyclic cohomology of \(\mathcal{C}\) whose pairing with the \(K\)-theory of \(\mathcal{C}\), and thus of \(A\), is computed. The pairing of \(\mathrm{Ch}(\mathcal{C},\mathcal{H},D)\) with \(k\in K_{j}(\mathcal{C})\) is proved to be equal to \(\hat{\tau}_{*}( k \otimes_{A} \mathbf{t}_{ \alpha })\) where \(\hat{\tau}_{*} : K_{0}(B)\to \mathbb{R}\) is the homomorphism induced by the dual trace \(\hat{\tau}\) of \(\tau\) and \(\otimes_{A}\) denotes the Kasparov product \(KK_{j}(\mathbb{C},A)\otimes KK_{j}(A,B)\to KK_0(\mathbb{C},B)\), and it is expressed here in terms of the trace \(\tau\) and of the commutators with \(D_{\ell}\). The real number that is thus expressed is also the index of a Toeplitz type operator in the odd case and of a compression of (the phase of) the Dirac operator in the even case. Previous related index formulas were obtained in [\textit{M. Lesch}, J. Oper. Theory 26, No. 1, 73--92 (1991; Zbl 0784.46041)] for the odd case and in [\textit{A. Connes}, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. A 290, 599--604 (1980; Zbl 0433.46057)] for the even case. Finally, the author considers Rieffel deformations \((A_{\Theta},\mathbb{R}^{n},a^{\Theta})\) for which he obtains unbounded representatives of the deformed Thom element \(\mathbf{t}_{ \alpha }^{\Theta}\) and extends to this setting his previous index formulas. The results are illustrated with the example of the Quantum Hall effect.

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