Escaping orbits are rare in the quasi-periodic Littlewood boundedness problem

DOI10.1007/S00030-019-0570-XMaRDI QIDQ2316073zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Henrik Schließauf

Publication date 26 July 2019

Published in NoDEA. Nonlinear Differential Equations and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.08457

zbMATH Keywords

Diophantine conditionDuffing-type equationescaping orbitsescaping setsLittlewood boundedness problemquasi-periodic forcingsuperlinear oscillator equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnol'd diffusion (37J40) Periodic, homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37J46) Forced motions for nonlinear problems in mechanics (70K40) Quasi-periodic motions and invariant tori for nonlinear problems in mechanics (70K43)

Abstract: We study the superlinear oscillator equation $ddotx+lvertxver{t}^{alpha-1}x=p(t)$ for $alphageq3$, where $p$ is a quasi-periodic forcing with no Diophantine condition on the frequencies and show that typically the set of initial values leading to solutions $x$ such that $li{m}_{toinfty}(lvertx(t)vert+lvertdotx(t)vert)=infty$ has Lebesgue measure zero, provided the starting energy $lvertx(t_0)vert+lvertdotx(t_0)vert$ is sufficiently large.

Review text

The Littlewood boundedness problem originates from the study of Duffing-type equations with time-dependent forcing, and addresses the question of conditions that keep solutions of the system bounded in the phase space. For time-periodic forcing a wealth of works had been published. For the particular choice of the superlinear oscillator equation, it has been shown that for a quasiperiodic forcing all solutions are bounded, provided the frequencies satisfy a Diophantine condition [\textit{M. Levi} and \textit{E. Zehnder}, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 26, No. 5, 1233--1256 (1995; Zbl 0838.34040)]. In the present paper, the Diophantine restriction is not imposed and new tools are necessary to address the long time behavior of solutions. The relevant techniques come from [\textit{M. Kunze} and \textit{R. Ortega}, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 107, No. 1, 39--75 (2013; Zbl 1272.34043)]. The theorem about escaping sets due to Kunze and Ortega [loc. cit.] is the main tool used therein, with refinements borrowed from [\textit{M. Levi}, Commun. Math. Phys. 143, No. 1, 43--83 (1991; Zbl 0744.34043); \textit{G. R. Morris}, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 14, 71--93 (1976; Zbl 0324.34030)]. The main Theorem 6.1 of the paper characterizes the escaping set in terms of that of initial values. It is proved that both sets have Lebesgue measure zero provided the starting energy is sufficiently large.

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Cited in

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• Escaping orbits are also rare in the almost periodic Fermi-Ulam ping-pong
• Growth rates of orbits in non-periodic twist maps and a theorem by Neishtadt
• Rareness of escaping orbits of the quasi-periodic Duffing equations with polynomial potentials

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