Badly approximable points on manifolds and unipotent orbits in homogeneous spaces

DOI10.1007/S00039-019-00508-1MaRDI QIDQ2317437zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 9 August 2019

Published in Geometric and Functional Analysis. GAFA (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.03461

badly approximable points Diophantine approximation the linearization technique unipotent orbits

Simultaneous homogeneous approximation, linear forms (11J13) Metric theory (11J83) Discrete subgroups of Lie groups (22E40) Homogeneous flows (37A17)

Abstract: In this paper, we study the weighted

n

-dimensional badly approximable points on manifolds. Given a

C^{n}

differentiable non-degenerate submanifold

m a t h c a l U s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{n}

, we will show that any countable intersection of the sets of the weighted badly approximable points on

m a t h c a l U

has full Hausdorff dimension. This strengthens a result of Beresnevich by removing the condition on weights and weakening the smoothness condition on manifolds. Compared to the work of Beresnevich, our approach relies on homogeneous dynamics. It turns out that in order to solve this problem, it is crucial to study the distribution of long pieces of unipotent orbits in homogeneous spaces. The proof relies on the linearization technique and representations of

m a t h r m S L (n + 1, m a t h b b R)

.

Review text

The paper under review is concerned with a substantial strengthening of \textit{V. Beresnevich}'s result [Invent. Math. 202, No. 3, 1199--1240 (2015; Zbl 1338.11060)] on badly approximable points on manifolds. Concretely, given a vector \(r=(r_1, r_2, \dots, r_n) \in\mathbb{R}^n\) with \(r_i \ge 0\) for all \(i\) and with \(r_1 + r_2 + \cdots + r_n = 1\), a point \(x =(x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n) \in\mathbb{R}^n\) is said to be \(r\)-weighted badly approximable if for some \(c>0\), \[ \max_{1 \le i \le n} \vert q \vert^{r_i} \vert qx_i + p_i \vert > c, \] for all \((p_1, p_2, \dots, p_n, q) \in\mathbb{Z}^{n+1}\) with \(q \neq 0\). The set of such points is denoted by \(\mathrm{Bad}(r)\), and is known to have Lebesgue measure zero and maximal Hausdorff dimension. It was shown by Beresnevich [loc. cit.] that if \(W\) is a countable family of weights with \(\inf_{r \in W} \min\{r_i : r_i > 0\} > 0\) and \(\mathcal{U} \subseteq\mathbb{R}^n\) is a nondegenerate and analytic manifold, then the intersection \(\bigcap_{r\in W}\mathrm{Bad}(r) \cap\mathcal{U}\) has maximal Hausdorff dimension. Here, nondegeneracy means that the partial derivatives at each point span all of \(\mathbb{R}^n\). In the present paper, the author applies methods from homogeneous dynamics to remove the condition on the family of weights, \(W\); and to replace the conditions of analyticity of \(\mathcal{U}\) with the condition that the manifold is \(C^n\). The full technical exposition is given in the case when \(\mathcal{U}\) is a curve, with a section at the end explaining how to extend this to the general case.

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