Frame potential for finite-dimensional Banach spaces

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2019.05.002MaRDI QIDQ2321346zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Javier Alejandro Chávez-Domínguez, Dan Freeman, Keri A. Kornelson

Publication date 29 August 2019

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.03677

finite unit norm tight frames frame potential frames FUNTF Schauder frames

General harmonic expansions, frames (42C15) Local theory of Banach spaces (46B07) Summability and bases; functional analytic aspects of frames in Banach and Hilbert spaces (46B15) Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20)

Abstract: We define the frame potential for a Schauder frame on a finite dimensional Banach space as the square of the

2

-summing norm of the frame operator. As is the case for frames for Hilbert spaces, we prove that the frame potential can be used to characterize finite unit norm tight frames (FUNTFs) for finite dimensional Banach spaces. We prove the existence of FUNTFs for a variety of spaces, and in particular that every

n

-dimensional complex Banach space with a

1

-unconditional basis has a FUNTF of

N

vectors for every

N g e q n

. However, many interesting results on FUNTFs and sums of rank one projections for Hilbert spaces remain unknown for Banach spaces and we conclude the paper with multiple open questions.

Review text

\textit{J. J. Benedetto} and \textit{M. Fickus} proved in [Adv. Comput. Math 18, 357--385 (2003; Zbl 1028.42022)] that for every \(N\geq n,\) every \(n\)-dimensional Hilbert space \(H\) has a tight frame consisting of \(N\) unit vectors. The main tool in their proof is the study of the frame potential of a finite set \(\left(x_j\right)_{j=1}^N \subset H,\) defined as the value \(\sum_{i,j=1}^{N}\left|\langle x_j,x_i\rangle\right|^2.\) Let \(X\) be a finite dimensional Banach space. In this paper, the authors define the frame potential of a finite sequence of pairs \(\left(x_j, x_j^\ast\right)_{j=1}^N \subset X \times X^\ast\) as the square of the \(2\)-summing norm of the associated frame operator \(S(x) = \sum_{j=1}^N x_j^\ast(x)x_j.\) The previous sequence of pairs is said to be a finite unit norm tight frame (FUNTF) for \(X\) if \(\|x_j\| = \|x_j^\ast\| = x_j^\ast(x_j) = 1\) for all \(1\leq j \leq N\) and its frame operator is a scalar multiple of the identity. The authors prove that, for every complex \(n\)-dimensional Banach space with a \(1\)-unconditional basis and each \(N\geq n,\) there exists a FUNTF of length \(N\) for \(X.\) Moreover, a sequence \(\left(x_j, x_j^\ast\right)_{j=1}^N \subset X \times X^\ast\) satisfying \(\|x_j\| = \|x_j^\ast\| = x_j^\ast(x_j) = 1\) for all \(1\leq j \leq N\) is a FUNTF if and only if it minimizes the frame potential. These are the main results of Section~4. The characterization of FUNTFs in terms of frame potential depends on the fact that, for a finite dimensional Banach space \(X,\) the identity map is smooth in the space \(\Pi_2(X,X)\) of \(2\)-summing operators on \(X\) (Theorem 3.2). Section 5 contains several results related to smoothness and strict convexity of \(\Pi_2(X,X)\) and Section 6 discusses a result concerning maximal error due to the loss of one coordinate. Section 7 presents several partial results on the existence of FUNTFs of given length \(N\geq n\) for real \(\ell_1^n\). The final section collects some related open problems.

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