A-numerical radius inequalities for semi-Hilbertian space operators

�egin{align*} w_A(T) = displaystyle{sup_{alpha^2 + �eta^2 = 1}} {left|alpha frac{T + T^{sharp_A}}{2} + �eta frac{T - T^{sharp_A}}{2i} ight|}_A, end{align*} where

T^{s h a r p_{A}}

is a distinguished

A

-adjoint operator of

T

. We then apply it to find upper and lower bounds for

w_{A} (T)

. In particular, we show that �egin{align*} frac{1}{2}{|T|}_A leq maxBig{sqrt{1 - {|cos|}^2_AT}, frac{sqrt{2}}{2}Big}w_A(T)leq w_A(T), end{align*} where

{| c o s |}_{A} T

denotes the

A

-cosine of angle of

T

. Some upper bounds for the

A

-numerical radius of commutators, anticommutators, and products of semi-Hilbertian space operators are also given.

Review text

Let \(\mathbb{B}(\mathcal{H})\) denote the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a complex Hilbert space \(\big(\mathcal{H},\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle\big)\) equipped with the operator norm \(|\cdot|\). Let \(A\in\mathbb{B}(\mathcal{H})\) be a positive operator. Then the semi-inner product \(\{\langle x,y\rangle\}_A:=\langle Ax,y\rangle\), \(x,y\in\mathcal{H}\), induces a semi-norm \(\{|\cdot|\}_A\) on \(\mathcal{H}\). For \(T\in\mathbb{B}(\mathcal{H})\), an operator \(R\in\mathbb{B}(\mathcal{H})\) is called an \(A\)-adjoint of \(T\) if \(AR = T^*A\). The existence of an \(A\)-adjoint operator is not guaranteed. However, the reduced solution of the equation \(AX = T^*A\) is a distinguished \(A\)-adjoint operator of \(T\), which is denoted by \(T^{\sharp_A}\); see [\textit{M. S. Moslehian} et al., Banach J. Math. Anal. 13, No. 3, 726--743 (2019; Zbl 1476.47006)]. Let \(\{|T|\}_A\) and \(w_A(T)\) denote the \(A\)-operator semi-norm and the \(A\)-numerical radius of an operator \(T\) in semi-Hilbertian space \(\big(\mathcal{H}, \{|\cdot|\}_A\big)\), respectively. In this interesting paper, the author, motivated by the paper of \textit{F. Kittaneh} et al. [Linear Algebra Appl. 471, 46--53 (2015; Zbl 1322.47008)], provides a characterization of \(w_A(T)\) by showing that \[ w_A(T)=\displaystyle{\sup_{\alpha^2+\beta^2=1}}{\left|\alpha\frac{T+T^{\sharp_A}}{2}+\beta\frac{T-T^{\sharp_A}}{2i}\right|}_A. \] Applying this inequality, he obtains some upper and lower bounds for the \(A\)-numerical radius of semi-Hilbertian space operators. More precisely, he proves that \[ w_A(T)\leq\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\sqrt{\big\|T T^{\sharp_A}+T^{\sharp_A} T\big\|}_A\leq {\|T\|}_A \] and \[ \frac{1}{2}{\|T\|}_A\leq\max\Big\{{|\sin|}_AT, \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\Big\}w_A(T)\leq w_A(T). \] Finally, for \(T,S\in\mathbb{B}_{A}(\mathcal{H})\), he shows that \[ w_A(TS)\leq w_A(T){\|S\|}_A+\frac{1}{2}w_A\Big((TS)^{\sharp_A}\pm T^{\sharp_A} S\Big)\leq 2w_A(T){\|S\|}_A. \]

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