Arveson extreme points span free spectrahedra

DOI10.1007/S00208-019-01858-9zbMATH Open1440.47056arXiv1806.09053OpenAlexW2962769465WikidataQ127652574 ScholiaQ127652574MaRDI QIDQ2324862FDOQ2324862

Authors: Eric Evert, J. William Helton 

Publication date: 12 September 2019

Published in: Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $S{M}_n(mathbbR{)}^g$ denote $g$-tuples of $nimesn$ real symmetric matrices. Given tuples $X=(X_1,dots,X_g)inS{M}_{n_1}(mathbbR{)}^g$ and $Y=(Y_1,dots,Y_g)inS{M}_{n_2}(mathbbR{)}^g$, a matrix convex combination of $X$ and $Y$ is a sum of the form [ V_1^* XV_1+V_2^* Y V_2 quad quad quad V_1^* V_1+V_2^* V_2=I_n ] where $V_1:mathbb{R}^{n}omathbb{R}^{n_1}$ and $V_2:mathbb{R}^{n}omathbb{R}^{n_2}$ are contractions. Matrix convex sets are sets which are closed under matrix convex combinations. A key feature of matrix convex combinations is that the $g$-tuples $X,Y$, and $V_1^{\ast }X{V}_1+V_2^{\ast }Y{V}_2$ do not need to have the same size. As a result, matrix convex sets are a dimension free analog of convex sets. While in the classical setting there is only one notion of an extreme point, there are three main notions of extreme points for matrix convex sets: ordinary, matrix, and absolute extreme points. Absolute extreme points are closely related to the classical Arveson boundary. A central goal in the theory of matrix convex sets is to determine if one of these types of extreme points for a matrix convex set minimally recovers the set through matrix convex combinations. This article shows that every real compact matrix convex set which is defined by a linear matrix inequality is the matrix convex hull of its absolute extreme points, and that the absolute extreme points are the minimal set with this property. Furthermore, we give an algorithm which expresses a tuple as a matrix convex combination of absolute extreme points with optimal bounds. Similar results hold when working over the field of complex numbers rather than the reals.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.09053

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zbMATH Keywords

extreme pointmatrix convex set

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related matrices (15B57) Semidefinite programming (90C22) Convex sets in topological linear spaces; Choquet theory (46A55) Convex sets and cones of operators (47L07)

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Cited In (20)

• Quantum magic squares: dilations and their limitations
• Matrix convex hulls of free semialgebraic sets
• Facial structure of matrix convex sets
• Minimal and maximal matrix convex sets
• The Arveson boundary of a free quadrilateral is given by a noncommutative variety
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• C*-envelopes for operator algebras with a coaction and co-universal C*-algebras for product systems
• Compressions of compact tuples

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