Higher syzygies of surfaces with numerically trivial canonical bundle
This interesting paper connects Seshadri constants, the syzygy condition \(N_p\) of \textit{M. Green} and \textit{R. Lazarsfeld} [Invent. Math. 89, 357--370 (1987; Zbl 0625.14022)], and the existence of certain divisors on a polarized surface \((X,L)\) with trivial canonical bundle. Let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective surface with trivial canonical bundle having an ample line bundle \(L\) satisfying \(L^2 \geq 5 (p+2)^2\). The authors prove that the following are equivalent: (A) \((X,L)\) satisfies property \(N_p\). (B) There is no smooth elliptic curve \(E \subset X\) through a very general point of \(X\) with \(1 \leq L \cdot E \leq p+2\) and \(E^2=0\). (C) \(\epsilon(L,x) > p+2\) for very general \(x \in X\), where \[ \epsilon (L,x) = \inf_{x \in C \subset X} \frac{L \cdot C}{\text{mult}_x (C)} \] is the Seshadri constant of \(L\) at \(x\). The proof uses Koszul cohomology and work of \textit{M. Aprodu} and \textit{G. Farkas} [Compos. Math. 147, No. 3, 839--851 (2011; Zbl 1221.14039)] and \textit{F. Serrano} [Math. Ann. 277, 395--413 (1987; Zbl 0595.14005)]. As the authors predicted, the hypothesis \(L^2 \geq 5 (p+2)^2\) can be improved to \(L^2 \geq 4 (p+2)^2\), as recently proved by \textit{A. Ito} [Commun. Algebra 46, No. 12, 5342--5347 (2018; Zbl 1411.14016)]. The authors give an analogous result for Enriques surfaces \(X\) over \(\mathbb C\). Suppose that \(L\) is ample and globally generated with \(L^2 > 4 (p+2)^2\) and further assume that the secant conjecture [\textit{M. Green} and \textit{R. Lazarsfeld}, Invent. Math. 83, 73--90 (1986; Zbl 0594.14010)] holds for a general curve in \(|L|\). Then \(L\) has property \(N_p\) if and only if there is no effective reduced divisor \(F \subset X\) with \(F^2=0\) and \(1 \leq F \cdot L \leq p+2\). The proof uses the analysis of linear series on Enriques surfaces by \textit{A. L. Knutsen} and \textit{A. F. Lopez} [Manuscr. Math. 147, No. 1--2, 193--237 (2015; Zbl 1402.14039)].
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