On average Hewitt-Stromberg measures of typical compact metric spaces

DOI10.1007/S00209-019-02239-3MaRDI QIDQ2332872zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors L. Olsen

Publication date 5 November 2019

Published in Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00209-019-02239-3

zbMATH Keywords

box dimension compact metric space Gromov-Hausdorff metric Hausdorff measure Hewitt-Stromberg measures packing measure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hausdorff and packing measures (28A78) Fractals (28A80)

Review text

Let us denote by \(\mathcal{K}_{GH}\) the quotient space of all compact metric spaces over the relation that two elements are equivalent iff there is a bijective isometry between them. Endowed with the classical Gromov-Hausdorff metric, \(\mathcal{K}_{GH}\) becomes a complete metric space; therefore, it makes sense to talk about Baire category on it (i.e., a typical compact metric space). An average system is a family \(\Pi=(\Pi_t)_{t \geq t_0}\), with \(t_0>0\), of finite Borel measures on \([t_0, +\infty[\), with compact supports such that if \(f: [t_0, +\infty[ \rightarrow [0, +\infty[\) is a positive measurable function such that \(\lim_{t \rightarrow +\infty}f(t) = a \in \mathbb{R}\), then \(\lim_{t \rightarrow +\infty}\int f d\Pi_t = a\). Let \(h: (0, +\infty) \rightarrow (0, +\infty)\) be a dimension function (increasing, right continuous such that \(\lim_{r\rightarrow 0^+} h(r)=0\)), \(X\) be a metric space and \(E \subseteq X\). The lower and upper \(\Pi\)-average \(h\)-dimensional Hewitt-Stromberg premeasures of \(E\) are defined as \[\overline{\mathcal{U}}^h_{\Pi}(E) = \liminf_{t \rightarrow +\infty} \int f_E^h \ d\Pi_t\] and \[\overline{\mathcal{V}}^h_{\Pi}(E) = \limsup_{t \rightarrow +\infty} \int f_E^h \ d\Pi_t,\] respectively, where \(f_E^h(t) = M_{e^{-t}}(E) h(2e^{-t})\) and \(M_r(E)\) denotes the number of pairwise disjoints closed balls with radii \(r\) centered in \(E\). Finally, the lower and upper \(\Pi\)-average \(h\)-dimensional Hewitt-Stromberg measures of \(E\) are defined as \[\mathcal{U}^h_{\Pi}(E) = \inf_{E \subseteq \cup_{i=1}^\infty E_i} \sum_{i=1}^\infty \overline{\mathcal{U}}^h_{\Pi}(E_i)\] and \[\mathcal{V}^h_{\Pi}(E) = \inf_{E \subseteq \cup_{i=1}^\infty E_i} \sum_{i=1}^\infty \overline{\mathcal{V}}^h_{\Pi}(E_i),\] respectively. If \(\Pi = (\delta_t)_{t \geq 1}\) (where \(\delta_t\) denotes the Dirac measure) then \(\mathcal{U}^h_{\Pi}(E)\) gives the well known lower \(h\)-dimensional Hewitt-Stromberg measures \(\mathcal{U}^h(E)\) (similarly for the upper). Firstly, the author observes that, for any averaging system \(\Pi\), one has \[\mathcal{H}^h(E) \leq \mathcal{U}^h(E) \leq \mathcal{U}^h_{\Pi}(E) \leq \mathcal{V}^h_{\Pi}(E) \leq \mathcal{U}^h(E) \leq \mathcal{P}^h(E),\] where \(\mathcal{H}^h(E)\) and \(\mathcal{P}^h(E)\) denote the Hausdorff measure and the packing measure, respectively. The main result states that a typical compact metric space \(X\) in \(\mathcal{K}_{GH}\) satisfies \(\overline{\mathcal{U}}^h_{\Pi}(X) =0\), and \(\overline{\mathcal{V}}^h_{\Pi}(U)=\infty\), for all non-empty open subsets \(U\) of \(X\). If, in addition, \(\Pi\) is \(h\) closed-stable, then a typical compact metric space \(X\) in \(\mathcal{K}_{GH}\) satisfies \(\mathcal{V}^h_{\Pi}(U)=\infty\), for all non-empty open subsets \(U\) of \(X\). This result is strengthened when Hölder and Cesaro averages are considered.

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